Project 3768: N. R. Chimento, F. L. Agnolin. 2020. Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals. Scientific Reports. 10 (1):1-10.
Abstract
The Litopterna is an extinct clade of endemic South American ungulates that range from Paleocene up to late Pleistocene times. Because of their unique anatomy, litopterns are of uncertain phylogenetic affinities. However, some XIX century authors, considered litopterns as related to perissodactyl ungulates, a hypothesis recently sustained by molecular data. The aim of the present contribution is to include litopterns and other South American related taxa in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis together with several extant and extinct basal perissodactyl ungulates. The analysis resulted in the nesting of litopterns and kin as successive stem-clades of crown Perissodactyla. Further, litopterns are not phylogenetically grouped with any North American basal ungulate, in agreement with some previous proposals. Presence of pan-perissodactyls in South America and India indicates that southern continents probably played an important role in the early evolution of hoofed mammals.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70287-5
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3768, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3768
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 11953 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 214 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 552 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:214/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 3768
MorphoBank Project 3768
- Creation Date:
08 July 2020 - Publication Date:
01 December 2020 - Project views: 14226
- Matrix downloads: 25
Authors' Institutions
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
- Universidad Maimonides
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||||||
Nicolas Chimento Project Administrator | 26 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3485 (3391, 0, 94) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26817' (79 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Eotitanops Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 27 | 184 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Palaeosyops Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 7 | 204 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Orohippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 16 | 199 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Epihippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 67 | 148 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Mesohippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 4 | 210 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Eohippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 12 | 203 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Protorohippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 15 | 199 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Xenicohippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 21 | 196 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Sifrippus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 82 | 139 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Pliolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 79 | 135 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Hyracotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 106 | 108 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Palaeotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 4 | 211 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Plagiolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 10 | 201 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Leptolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 87 | 125 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Hallensia Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 46 | 168 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Propachynolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 107 | 110 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Propalaeotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 20 | 197 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Lambdotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 34 | 180 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Homogalax Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 18 | 198 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Cardiolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 55 | 162 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Eomoropus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 31 | 183 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Litolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 42 | 172 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Moropus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 3 | 203 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Lophiodon Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 9 | 200 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Isectolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 60 | 154 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Heptodon Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 10 | 203 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Helaletes Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 6 | 208 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Lophialetes Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 22 | 191 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Schlosseria Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 59 | 152 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Deperetella Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 51 | 155 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Teleolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 107 | 100 | 4 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Hyrachyus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 3 | 206 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Phenacodus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 1 | 211 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Ectocion Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 61 | 150 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Tetraclaenodon Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 34 | 178 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Meniscotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 3 | 212 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Cambaytherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 28 | 182 | 5 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Nakusia Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 173 | 40 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Anthracobune (no astragalus) Last Modified in 11/24/14 | 116 | 96 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Anthracobune Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 104 | 110 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Pilgrimella Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 115 | 97 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Radinskya Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 133 | 79 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Phenacolophus Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 117 | 96 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Eritherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 102 | 103 | 5 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Phosphatherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 79 | 131 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Moeritherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 44 | 163 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Numidotherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 44 | 166 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Dimaitherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 64 | 149 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Microhyrax Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 118 | 96 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Saghatherium Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 48 | 164 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Diacodexis Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 8 | 197 | 6 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Asioryctes Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 35 | 163 | 6 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] Didelphis Last Modified in 11/25/14 | 17 | 183 | 6 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Adiantoides Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 97 | 114 | 114 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Asmithwoodwardia Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 113 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Choeroclaenus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 135 | 76 | 76 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Cramauchenia Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 78 | 133 | 133 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Depaulacoutia Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 91 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Diadiaphorus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 8 | 201 | 201 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Didolodus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 99 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Ellipsodon Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 111 | 99 | 99 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Escribania Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 152 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Lamegoia Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 96 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Litaletes Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 116 | 97 | 96 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Miguelsoria Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 112 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Mioclaenus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 125 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Molinodus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 122 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Orthaspidotherium Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 52 | 157 | 157 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Pleuraspidotherium Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 31 | 178 | 178 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Promioclaenus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 116 | 95 | 94 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Protolipterna Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 81 | 130 | 130 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Protoselene Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 127 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Pucanodus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 113 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Simoclaeunus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 125 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Tetramerorhinus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 7 | 201 | 201 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Theosodon Last Modified in 07/10/20 | 9 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] † Thoatherium Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 18 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] † Tiuclaenus Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 111 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] † Victorlemoinea Last Modified in 07/09/20 | 115 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 14226 | |
Project overview | 831 | |
Matrix views | 625 | Matrix landing page (542 views); Final matrix for "Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals" (83 views); |
Taxon list | 4975 | |
Specimen list | 1019 | |
Views for media list | 565 | |
Media views | 1882 | Media search (1600 views); M692666 (282 views); |
Bibliography | 4328 | |
Documents list | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 117 | |
Matrix downloads | 25 | Final matrix for "Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals" (25 downloads); |
Project downloads | 92 |