Project 3768: N. R. Chimento, F. L. Agnolin. 2020. Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals. Scientific Reports. 10 (1):1-10.
Specimen: † Escribania (UNPSJB /PV:916)
View: Left lateral

Abstract

The Litopterna is an extinct clade of endemic South American ungulates that range from Paleocene up to late Pleistocene times. Because of their unique anatomy, litopterns are of uncertain phylogenetic affinities. However, some XIX century authors, considered litopterns as related to perissodactyl ungulates, a hypothesis recently sustained by molecular data. The aim of the present contribution is to include litopterns and other South American related taxa in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis together with several extant and extinct basal perissodactyl ungulates. The analysis resulted in the nesting of litopterns and kin as successive stem-clades of crown Perissodactyla. Further, litopterns are not phylogenetically grouped with any North American basal ungulate, in agreement with some previous proposals. Presence of pan-perissodactyls in South America and India indicates that southern continents probably played an important role in the early evolution of hoofed mammals.


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Article DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70287-5

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3768, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3768
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 79 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 214 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 1.63M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 11953
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 214
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 552
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:214/0
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MorphoBank Project 3768

    Authors' Institutions

    • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

    • Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia

    • Universidad Maimonides



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    comms
       
    notes  media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
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    notes  medialabels
    rules
    Nicolas Chimento
    Project Administrator
    2611600003485
    (3391, 0, 94)
    00000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M26817' (79 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    [1] † Eotitanops
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    27184605001
    [2] † Palaeosyops
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    7204604001
    [3] † Orohippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    16199600001
    [4] † Epihippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    67148600001
    [5] † Mesohippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    4210600001
    [6] † Eohippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    12203600001
    [7] † Protorohippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    15199600001
    [8] † Xenicohippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    21196400001
    [9] † Sifrippus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    82139401001
    [10] † Pliolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    79135400001
    [11] † Hyracotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    106108600001
    [12] † Palaeotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    4211601001
    [13] † Plagiolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    10201604001
    [14] † Leptolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    87125502001
    [15] † Hallensia
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    46168600001
    [16] † Propachynolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    107110400001
    [17] † Propalaeotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    20197400001
    [18] † Lambdotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    34180501001
    [19] † Homogalax
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    18198500001
    [20] † Cardiolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    55162500001
    [21] † Eomoropus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    31183600001
    [22] † Litolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    42172500001
    [23] † Moropus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    3203608001
    [24] † Lophiodon
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    9200605001
    [25] † Isectolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    60154501001
    [26] † Heptodon
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    10203602001
    [27] † Helaletes
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    6208601001
    [28] † Lophialetes
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    22191601001
    [29] † Schlosseria
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    59152603001
    [30] † Deperetella
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    51155409001
    [31] † Teleolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    107100409001
    [32] † Hyrachyus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    3206606001
    [33] † Phenacodus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    1211604001
    [34] † Ectocion
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    61150504001
    [35] † Tetraclaenodon
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    34178607001
    [36] † Meniscotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    3212605001
    [37] † Cambaytherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    28182508001
    [38] † Nakusia
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    17340201001
    [39] † Anthracobune (no astragalus)
    Last Modified in 11/24/14
    11696502001
    [40] † Anthracobune
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    104110502001
    [41] † Pilgrimella
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    11597402001
    [42] † Radinskya
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    13379202001
    [43] † Phenacolophus
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    11796401001
    [44] † Eritherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    102103509001
    [45] † Phosphatherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    79131604001
    [46] † Moeritherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    44163607001
    [47] † Numidotherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    44166504001
    [48] † Dimaitherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    64149503001
    [49] † Microhyrax
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    11896400001
    [50] † Saghatherium
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    48164502001
    [51] † Diacodexis
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    81976013001
    [52] † Asioryctes
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    351636017001
    [53] Didelphis
    Last Modified in 11/25/14
    171836015001
    [54] † Adiantoides
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    9711411403001
    [55] † Asmithwoodwardia
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    113989803001
    [56] † Choeroclaenus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    135767603001
    [57] † Cramauchenia
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    7813313303001
    [58] † Depaulacoutia
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    9112112102001
    [59] † Diadiaphorus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    820120105001
    [60] † Didolodus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    9911511401001
    [61] † Ellipsodon
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    111999904001
    [62] † Escribania
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    152626200001
    [63] † Lamegoia
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    9611711701001
    [64] † Litaletes
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    116979602001
    [65] † Miguelsoria
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    11210110101001
    [66] † Mioclaenus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    125878603001
    [67] † Molinodus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    122888804001
    [68] † Orthaspidotherium
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    5215715705001
    [69] † Pleuraspidotherium
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    3117817805001
    [70] † Promioclaenus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    116959404001
    [71] † Protolipterna
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    8113013003001
    [72] † Protoselene
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    127858502001
    [73] † Pucanodus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    113969605001
    [74] † Simoclaeunus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    125868603001
    [75] † Tetramerorhinus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    720120106001
    [76] † Theosodon
    Last Modified in 07/10/20
    920020005001
    [77] † Thoatherium
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    18181181015001
    [78] † Tiuclaenus
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    111989805001
    [79] † Victorlemoinea
    Last Modified in 07/09/20
    115989801001


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    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views14226
    Project overview831
    Matrix views625Matrix landing page (542 views); Final matrix for "Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals" (83 views);
    Taxon list4975
    Specimen list1019
    Views for media list565
    Media views1882Media search (1600 views); M692666 (282 views);
    Bibliography4328
    Documents list1




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    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project117
    Matrix downloads25Final matrix for "Phylogenetic tree of Litopterna and Perissodactyla indicates a complex early history of hoofed mammals" (25 downloads);
    Project downloads92