Project 3908: Christian de MUIZON & Sandrine LADEVÈZE. 2020. Cranial anatomy of Andinodelphys cochabambensis, a stem metatherian from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia. Geodiversitas. 42 (30):597-739.
Specimen: Monodelphis (unvouchered)
View: whole organism

Abstract

Andinodelphys cochabambensis Marshall & Muizon, 1988 is one of the best preserved metatherian species from the early Palaeocene fauna of Tiupampa (Bolivia). It is represented by five almost complete skulls, three of them being securely associated to sub-complete to partial skeleton. Four skulls could be extracted from a block including several intermingled skeletons. The present paper provides a thorough description of the dental, cranial, and dentary anatomy of A. cochabambensis. The cranial anatomy of A. cochabambensis is similar to that of Pucadelphys andinus. The skull of Andinodelphys however differs from that of Pucadelphys in its larger size and proportionally longer rostrum. Other differences include the presence, in Andinodelphys, of large anteriorly protruding I1s, small palatal vacuities, a transverse canal, and a small hypotympanic sinus. Andinodelphys has the same dental formula as Pucadelphys (I 5/4, C 1/1, P 3/3, M4/4), the plesiomorphic condition for metatherians. Furthermore, both genera share the lack a tympanic process of the alisphenoid, a deep groove for the internal carotid artery at the anterior apex of the promontorium, a small prootic canal perforating the lateral edge of the petrosal and opening laterally in the deep sulcus for the prootic sinus, and a vestigial anterior lamina of the petrosal. Dentally Andinodelphys closely resembles Pucadelphys, the two genera differing in the larger size of the former and in the inconstant presence in the former of a twinned stylar cusp C. Although 25% smaller, the cheek teeth of Andinodelphys closely resemble those of Itaboraidelphys camposi from the early Eocene of Itaboraí (Brazil). As far as dental morphology is concerned, both genera are likely to have diverged from a direct common ancestor, probably Andinodelphys-like, with Itaboraidelphys displaying more derived dental structures. Two isolated petrosal from Itaboraí (Type 2 petrosals) are morphologically close to those of Andinodelphys but distinctly larger. In this paper, a previous interpretation including the teeth of Itaboraidelphys and these petrosals in the same taxon is followed. A phylogenetic analysis retrieved Itaboraidelphys as a sister taxon of the clade Pucadelphys + Andinodelphys, thus lending support to inclusion of the former in the Pucadelphyidae. Three sets of parsimony analyses were performed. A first set of analyses (with all characters) retrieved a strict consensus tree with a clade as follows: (pucadelphyids, (deltatheroidans (stagodontids, Gurlin Tsav skull-GTS), sparassodonts)). An implied weighting analysis with the same data matrix placed the stagodontids in an early diverging position but retained a clade (pucadelphyids, (deltatheroidans, (GTS, sparassodonts))), the deltatheroidans, being therefore inserted in the pucadelphydans. This result implies an independent arrival of pucadelphyids and sparassodonts to South America, which consequently must have been present in North America in the Late Cretaceous. Possible North American sparassodonts could be the poorly known genera Atokatheridium and Olklatheridium (currently referred to deltatheroidans) and the pucadelphyids may have been present in the Late Cretaceous of North America with the genus Aenigmadelphys. However, this hypothesis is less parsimonious (with regard to palaeobiogeography) than a single southward migration of an ancestral Pucadelphyda (Pucadelphyidae + Sparassodonta). Because the result of this first set of analyses may have been induced by heavily homoplastic dental characters related to hypercarnivory, a second set of analyses was performed excluding all the dental characters. The strict consensus is poorly resolved but retains monophyletic Marsupialia and Sparassodonta. An implied weighting analysis retrieved a monophyletic Pucadelphyda but split the deltatheroidans, the polyphyly of which is regarded as a possible artefact related to the lack of dental characters. The GTS is sister taxon to Pucadelphyda. Because the polyphyly of deltatheroidans contradicts all previous hypotheses, a third set of analyses has been performed excluding only those molar characters that supported the close relationships of the hypercarnivorous clades (deltatheroids, stagodontids, and sparassodonts). The strict consensus tree retrieved monophyletic deltatheroidans, Marsupialia and sparassodonts. An implied weighting analysis resulted in deltatheroidans forming a paraphyletic stem assemblage of Metatheria and monophyletic Pucadelphyda. The GTS was no longer related to sparassodonts but was the sister taxon of a clade including the North American taxa of the data matrix, Asiatherium, and Marsupialia. This topology, which is favoured here, supports (as well as that of the second set of analyses) a single pucadelphydan southward migration, probably in the Late Cretaceous, with a Tiupampian radiation of South American carnivorous metatherians.


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Article DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a30

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3908, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3908
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 51 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 364 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 25.44k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 11339
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 364
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 852
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:284/80
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 3908
  • Creation Date:
    04 January 2021
  • Publication Date:
    05 January 2021
  • Matrix downloads: 7

    Authors' Institutions

    • Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Natural History Museum, Paris)

    • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

    • Sorbonne Université



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    51113640011339
    (11091, 0, 248)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27169' (51 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
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    NPA
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    [1] † Vincelestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    48301301015001
    [2] † Prokennalestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    23312812803001
    [3] † Asioryctes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    10625025008001
    [4] † Maelestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    15020820806001
    [5] † Zalambdalestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    12922922707001
    [6] † Leptictis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    129225225010001
    [7] † Deltatheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    18517917702001
    [8] † Deltatheroides
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    287777700001
    [9] † Sulestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    25311311100001
    [10] † Lotheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    18018318301001
    [11] † Atokatheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    306575403001
    [12] † Oklatheridium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    306625800001
    [13] † Nanocuris
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    292767200001
    [14] † Kokopellia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    268959402001
    [15] † Gurlin tsav skull
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    23013313201001
    [16] † Asiatherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    19417217000001
    [17] † Eodelphis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    21814514501001
    [18] † Didelphodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    14521921900001
    [19] † Pediomys
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    23213813200001
    [20] † Alphadon-Turgidodon-Protalphadon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    26310510000001
    [21] † Varalphadon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    305625900001
    [22] † Mimoperadectes-Peradectes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    19317917001001
    [23] † Herpetotherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    10027126400001
    [24] † Amphiperatherium-Peratherium
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    17919618500001
    [25] Didelphis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    238835903001
    [26] Metachirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    336535803001
    [27] Monodelphis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    337235803001
    [28] † Pucadelphys
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    1137435201001
    [29] † Andinodelphys
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    1136435300001
    [30] † Itaboraidelphys
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    24112712300001
    [31] † Mayulestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    3632732701001
    [32] † Allqokirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    15620820800001
    [33] † Patene
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    25810810600001
    [34] † Hondadelphys
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    19916716500001
    [35] † Sallacyon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    22014114103001
    [36] † Notogale
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    20715215205001
    [37] † Sipalocyon
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    5930630104001
    [38] † Cladosictis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    4532731405001
    [39] † Lycopsis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    10625525206001
    [40] † Pharsophorus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    22513513405001
    [41] † Prothylacynus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    46314306012001
    [42] † Borhyaena tuberata
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    51299295018001
    [43] † Arctodictis sinclairi
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    28317316020001
    [44] † Australohyaena
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    182169168014001
    [45] † Callistoe
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    83268266015001
    [46] † Paraborhyaena
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    25910210203001
    [47] † Thylacosmilus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    74251250040001
    [48] Dromiciops
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    136935706001
    [49] Dasyurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    338035704001
    [50] Sminthopsis
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    1435334703001
    [51] † Thylacinus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/05/21
    5350345014001


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project86
    Project downloads79
    Matrix downloads7Data matrix from publication (7 downloads);