Morphobank

Project 3938: B. M. Wynd, S. J. Nesbitt, M. R. Stocker, A. B. Heckert. 2019. A Detailed description of Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov. (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia), and cranial convergence in snout elongation across stem and crown archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (6):e1748042.

Specimen: † Rugarhynchos sixmilensis (unvouchered)
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Abstract

The Triassic Period (252–201.5 Ma) records a great expansion of saurian diversity and disparity, particularly in skull morphology. Stem archosaurs exhibit substantial cranial disparity, especially by taxa either shortening or elongating the skull. This disparity is exemplified in the North American Late Triassic proterochampsians by the ‘short-faced’ Vancleavea and the ‘long-faced’ doswelliids. To critically investigate skull elongation and character evolution in these proterochampsians, we evaluate ‘Doswellia’ sixmilensis, known from much of a skull, cervical centra, and osteoderms from the Bluewater Creek Member of the Chinle Formation of New Mexico. We redescribe the holotype based on extensive repreparation of the holotype material, resulting in the identification of the orbit and clarifying the extent of related bones. As such, the diagnosis of the taxon is substantially modified and a new genus, Rugarhynchos, gen. nov., is erected. Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov., exhibits an elongate snout with characteristics known in stem and crown archosaurs, including a downturned premaxilla and fluted teeth. We included R. sixmilensis in a phylogenetic analysis of archosauromorphs consisting of 677 characters and 109 taxa under both parsimony and Bayesian models. We recover R. sixmilensis as a doswelliid, sister to Doswellia kaltenbachi. Our parsimony and Bayesian models differ in the placement of Doswelliidae, either as sister to or within Proterochampsidae, respectively. We use archosauromorph relationships from the Bayesian model to estimate cranial disparity between stem and crown archosaurs and find a narrow breadth of morphological disparity in the stem. Our results suggest that crown archosaurs evolved disparate crania from a low-disparate archosauriform condition.

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Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1748042

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3938, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3938

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 1 Matrix 1 Document 119 Taxa 1 Specimen 677 Characters Total size of project's media files: 253.79k Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 38756 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 677 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1572 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:573/104

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MorphoBank Project 3938

Creation Date:
22 February 2021
Publication Date:
26 October 2021
Project views: 10730
Matrix downloads: 1

Authors' Institutions

Appalachian State University

Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)

Members

MorphoBank Curator
Project Administrator

119

677

38756
(35293, 0, 3463)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27694' (119 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Petrolacosaurus kansensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	73	526	508	0	80	0	0	1
[2] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Last Modified in 10/26/21	443	188	182	0	46	0	0	1
[3] † Youngina capensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	67	547	500	0	68	0	0	1
[4] † Paliguana whitei Last Modified in 10/26/21	568	88	86	0	21	0	0	1
[5] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Last Modified in 10/26/21	213	393	381	0	72	0	0	1
[6] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	186	436	409	0	59	0	0	1
[7] † Cteniogenys sp. Last Modified in 10/26/21	364	276	269	0	42	0	0	1
[8] † Simoedosaurus lemoinei Last Modified in 10/26/21	133	485	480	0	63	0	0	1
[9] † Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Last Modified in 10/26/21	640	38	36	0	0	0	0	1
[10] † Protorosaurus speneri Last Modified in 10/26/21	175	452	404	0	63	0	0	1
[11] † Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	343	292	285	0	47	0	0	1
[12] † Macrocnemus bassanii Last Modified in 10/26/21	218	400	368	0	63	0	0	1
[13] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Last Modified in 10/26/21	74	533	477	0	85	0	0	1
[14] † Jesairosaurus lehmani Last Modified in 10/26/21	321	304	287	0	63	0	0	1
[15] † Pamelaria dolichotrachela Last Modified in 10/26/21	143	487	482	0	52	0	0	1
[16] † Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	57	568	558	0	57	0	0	1
[17] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Last Modified in 10/26/21	79	527	494	0	76	0	0	1
[18] † Noteosuchus colletti Last Modified in 10/26/21	502	163	151	0	15	0	0	1
[19] † Mesosuchus browni Last Modified in 10/26/21	70	554	523	0	55	0	0	1
[20] † Howesia browni Last Modified in 10/26/21	302	349	322	0	32	0	0	1
[21] † Eohyosaurus wolvaardti Last Modified in 10/26/21	525	143	137	0	14	0	0	1
[22] † Rhynchosaurus articeps Last Modified in 10/26/21	162	463	449	0	55	0	0	1
[23] † Bentonyx sidensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	426	214	213	0	38	0	0	1
[24] † Mesodapedon kuttyi Last Modified in 10/26/21	643	31	31	0	3	0	0	1
[25] † Ammorhynchus navajoi Last Modified in 10/26/21	622	41	40	0	15	0	0	1
[26] † Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi Last Modified in 10/26/21	113	511	509	0	55	0	0	1
[27] † Brasinorhynchus mariantensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	391	254	252	0	34	0	0	1
[28] † Chanares rhynchosaur Last Modified in 10/26/21	638	40	37	0	2	0	0	1
[29] † Langeronyx brodiei Last Modified in 10/26/21	529	122	121	0	27	0	0	1
[30] † Fodonyx spenceri Last Modified in 10/26/21	543	121	121	0	13	0	0	1
[31] † Isalorhynchus genovefae Last Modified in 10/26/21	185	445	441	0	49	0	0	1
[32] † Eorasaurus olsoni Last Modified in 10/26/21	652	27	24	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Prolacertoides jimusarensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	591	65	63	0	22	0	0	1
[34] † Prolacerta broomi Last Modified in 10/26/21	30	604	558	0	56	0	0	1
[35] † K australiensis combined Last Modified in 10/26/21	559	98	93	0	25	0	0	1
[36] † Boreopricea funerea Last Modified in 10/26/21	366	280	252	0	39	0	0	1
[37] † Archosaurus rossicus holotype Last Modified in 10/26/21	658	19	18	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Proterosuchus fergusi Last Modified in 10/26/21	147	511	496	0	32	0	0	1
[39] † Proterosuchus goweri Last Modified in 10/26/21	418	249	245	0	14	0	0	1
[40] † Proterosuchus alexanderi Last Modified in 10/26/21	191	455	451	0	34	0	0	1
[41] † "Chasmatosaurus" yuani Last Modified in 10/26/21	154	495	481	0	41	0	0	1
[42] † Tasmaniosaurus triassicus Last Modified in 10/26/21	570	102	95	0	12	0	0	1
[43] † Vonhuenia fredericki Last Modified in 10/26/21	657	18	18	0	2	0	0	1
[44] † C rossicus combined Last Modified in 10/26/21	635	41	40	0	2	0	0	1
[45] † C magnus combined Last Modified in 10/26/21	651	25	25	0	1	0	0	1
[46] † Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi Last Modified in 10/26/21	657	22	20	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Koilamasuchus gonzalezdiazi Last Modified in 10/26/21	647	31	28	0	2	0	0	1
[48] † Kalisuchus rewanensis holotype Last Modified in 10/26/21	634	38	33	0	10	0	0	1
[49] † Fugusuchus hejiapanensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	463	197	194	0	19	0	0	1
[50] † Sarmatosuchus otschevi Last Modified in 10/26/21	446	231	224	0	7	0	0	1
[51] † Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	482	177	170	0	25	0	0	1
[52] † Cuyosuchus huenei Last Modified in 10/26/21	493	188	178	0	6	0	0	1
[53] † Garjainia prima Last Modified in 10/26/21	109	537	532	0	35	0	0	1
[54] † Garjainia madiba combined Last Modified in 10/26/21	351	320	304	0	16	0	0	1
[55] † Erythrosuchus africanus Last Modified in 10/26/21	63	576	565	0	42	0	0	1
[56] † Shansisuchus shansisuchus Last Modified in 10/26/21	165	477	471	0	40	0	0	1
[57] † Shansisuchus kuyeheensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	592	80	75	0	10	0	0	1
[58] † Chalishevia cothurnata Last Modified in 10/26/21	583	86	84	0	10	0	0	1
[59] † Youngosuchus sinensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	354	311	304	0	19	0	0	1
[60] † Uralosaurus combined Last Modified in 10/26/21	645	26	26	0	6	0	0	1
[61] † Vancleavea campi Last Modified in 10/26/21	209	415	410	0	56	0	0	1
[62] † Asperoris mnyama Last Modified in 10/26/21	566	101	89	0	16	0	0	1
[63] † Euparkeria capensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	41	622	610	0	26	0	0	1
[64] † Dorosuchus neoetus Last Modified in 10/26/21	576	100	100	0	1	0	0	1
[65] † Yarasuchus deccanensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	484	186	183	0	9	0	0	1
[66] † Dongusuchus efremovi Last Modified in 10/26/21	646	31	31	0	0	0	0	1
[67] † Teleocrater rhadinus Last Modified in 10/26/21	406	255	254	0	17	0	0	1
[68] † Spondylosoma absconditum Last Modified in 10/26/21	609	66	65	0	3	0	0	1
[69] † Proterochampsa barrionuevoi Last Modified in 10/26/21	197	439	431	0	49	0	0	1
[70] † Proterochampsa nodosa Last Modified in 10/26/21	459	202	196	0	17	0	0	1
[71] † Tropidosuchus romeri Last Modified in 10/26/21	159	497	487	0	30	0	0	1
[72] † Cerritosaurus binsfeldi Last Modified in 10/26/21	453	208	203	0	21	0	0	1
[73] † Gualosuchus reigi Last Modified in 10/26/21	197	452	442	0	36	0	0	1
[74] † Chanaresuchus bonapartei Last Modified in 10/26/21	68	577	563	0	42	0	0	1
[75] † Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	277	378	372	0	28	0	0	1
[76] † Rhadinosuchus gracilis Last Modified in 10/26/21	570	101	95	0	12	0	0	1
[77] † Archeopelta arborensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	575	101	101	0	1	0	0	1
[78] † Tarjadia ruthae Last Modified in 10/26/21	229	428	424	0	24	0	0	1
[79] † Erpetosuchus granti Last Modified in 10/26/21	362	293	289	0	24	0	0	1
[80] † Erpetosuchus sp Last Modified in 10/26/21	589	84	79	0	9	0	0	1
[81] † Dyoplax arenaceus Last Modified in 10/26/21	628	49	47	0	2	0	0	1
[82] † Jaxtasuchus salomoni Last Modified in 10/26/21	487	182	175	0	15	0	0	1
[83] † Doswellia kaltenbachi Last Modified in 10/26/21	309	327	321	0	47	0	0	1
[84] † Parasuchus angustifrons Last Modified in 10/26/21	425	223	220	0	32	0	0	1
[85] † Parasuchus hislopi Last Modified in 10/26/21	87	560	554	0	34	0	0	1
[86] † Nicrosaurus kapffi Last Modified in 10/26/21	222	422	413	0	40	0	0	1
[87] † Smilosuchus spp. Last Modified in 10/26/21	84	553	543	0	45	0	0	1
[88] † Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	282	377	375	0	20	0	0	1
[89] † Ornithosuchus woodwardi Last Modified in 10/26/21	207	446	439	0	27	0	0	1
[90] † Riojasuchus tenuisceps Last Modified in 10/26/21	94	556	544	0	33	0	0	1
[91] † Venaticosuchus rusconii Last Modified in 10/26/21	510	152	150	0	17	0	0	1
[92] † Nundasuchus songeaensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	435	235	233	0	9	0	0	1
[93] † Turfanosuchus dabanensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	209	449	442	0	24	0	0	1
[94] † Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Last Modified in 10/26/21	136	519	507	0	34	0	0	1
[95] † Yonghesuchus sangbiensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	496	166	163	0	18	0	0	1
[96] † Parringtonia gracilis Last Modified in 10/26/21	591	81	76	0	10	0	0	1
[97] † Aetosauroides scagliai Last Modified in 10/26/21	261	406	391	0	24	0	0	1
[98] † Aetosaurus ferratus Last Modified in 10/26/21	157	496	491	0	29	0	0	1
[99] † Stagonolepis robertsoni Last Modified in 10/26/21	53	594	593	0	31	0	0	1
[100] † Ticinosuchus ferox Last Modified in 10/26/21	404	262	257	0	16	0	0	1
[101] † Qianosuchus mixtus Last Modified in 10/26/21	255	397	395	0	27	0	0	1
[102] † Arizonasaurus babbitti Last Modified in 10/26/21	304	344	339	0	34	0	0	1
[103] † Lotosaurus adentus Last Modified in 10/26/21	257	368	362	0	58	0	0	1
[104] † Xilousuchus sapingensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	480	181	180	0	16	0	0	1
[105] † Luperosuchus fractus Last Modified in 10/26/21	567	110	108	0	2	0	0	1
[106] † Decuriasuchus quartacolonia Last Modified in 10/26/21	307	346	342	0	28	0	0	1
[107] † Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	123	529	520	0	30	0	0	1
[108] † Prestosuchus chiniquensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	67	585	580	0	30	0	0	1
[109] † Scleromochlus taylori Last Modified in 10/26/21	510	150	139	0	28	0	0	1
[110] † Dimorphodon macronyx Last Modified in 10/26/21	316	311	306	0	55	0	0	1
[111] † Lagerpeton chanarensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	520	141	137	0	18	0	0	1
[112] † Marasuchus lilloensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	335	318	312	0	30	0	0	1
[113] † Asilisaurus kongwe Last Modified in 10/26/21	447	215	213	0	17	0	0	1
[114] † Lewisuchus admixtus Last Modified in 10/26/21	383	277	269	0	23	0	0	1
[115] † Silesaurus opolensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	123	514	504	0	49	0	0	1
[116] † Heterodontosaurus tucki Last Modified in 10/26/21	69	535	529	0	75	0	0	1
[117] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	63	574	562	0	52	0	0	1
[118] † Rugarhynchos sixmilensis Last Modified in 10/26/21	488	146	143	0	46	0	0	1
[119] † Litorusuchus somnii Last Modified in 10/26/21	273	384	378	0	26	0	0	1

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type	number of views	Individual items viewed (where applicable)
Total project views	10730
Matrix views	436	Matrix landing page (389 views); Data matrix taken from Supplemental Material (47 views);
Media views	1603	Media search (1391 views); M824215 (212 views);
Documents list	393
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Bibliography	286
Views for media list	509
Specimen list	869
Taxon list	6016

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	34
Project downloads	33
Matrix downloads	1	Data matrix taken from Supplemental Material (1 download);