Morphobank

Project 3938: B. M. Wynd, S. J. Nesbitt, M. R. Stocker, A. B. Heckert. 2019. A Detailed description of Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov. (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia), and cranial convergence in snout elongation across stem and crown archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (6):e1748042.

Specimen: † Rugarhynchos sixmilensis (unvouchered)
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Abstract

The Triassic Period (252–201.5 Ma) records a great expansion of saurian diversity and disparity, particularly in skull morphology. Stem archosaurs exhibit substantial cranial disparity, especially by taxa either shortening or elongating the skull. This disparity is exemplified in the North American Late Triassic proterochampsians by the ‘short-faced’ Vancleavea and the ‘long-faced’ doswelliids. To critically investigate skull elongation and character evolution in these proterochampsians, we evaluate ‘Doswellia’ sixmilensis, known from much of a skull, cervical centra, and osteoderms from the Bluewater Creek Member of the Chinle Formation of New Mexico. We redescribe the holotype based on extensive repreparation of the holotype material, resulting in the identification of the orbit and clarifying the extent of related bones. As such, the diagnosis of the taxon is substantially modified and a new genus, Rugarhynchos, gen. nov., is erected. Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov., exhibits an elongate snout with characteristics known in stem and crown archosaurs, including a downturned premaxilla and fluted teeth. We included R. sixmilensis in a phylogenetic analysis of archosauromorphs consisting of 677 characters and 109 taxa under both parsimony and Bayesian models. We recover R. sixmilensis as a doswelliid, sister to Doswellia kaltenbachi. Our parsimony and Bayesian models differ in the placement of Doswelliidae, either as sister to or within Proterochampsidae, respectively. We use archosauromorph relationships from the Bayesian model to estimate cranial disparity between stem and crown archosaurs and find a narrow breadth of morphological disparity in the stem. Our results suggest that crown archosaurs evolved disparate crania from a low-disparate archosauriform condition.

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Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1748042

Project DOI: 10.7934/P3938, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3938

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 1 Matrix 1 Document 119 Taxa 1 Specimen 677 Characters Total size of project's media files: 253.79k Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 38756 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 677 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1572 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:573/104

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MorphoBank Project 3938

Creation Date:
22 February 2021
Publication Date:
26 October 2021
Matrix downloads: 1

Authors' Institutions

Appalachian State University

Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)

Members

MorphoBank Curator
Project Administrator

119

677

38756
(35293, 0, 3463)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27694' (119 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Petrolacosaurus kansensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	73	526	508	0	80	0	0	1
[2] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	443	188	182	0	46	0	0	1
[3] † Youngina capensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	67	547	500	0	68	0	0	1
[4] † Paliguana whitei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	568	88	86	0	21	0	0	1
[5] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	213	393	381	0	72	0	0	1
[6] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	186	436	409	0	59	0	0	1
[7] † Cteniogenys sp. Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	364	276	269	0	42	0	0	1
[8] † Simoedosaurus lemoinei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	133	485	480	0	63	0	0	1
[9] † Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	640	38	36	0	0	0	0	1
[10] † Protorosaurus speneri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	175	452	404	0	63	0	0	1
[11] † Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	343	292	285	0	47	0	0	1
[12] † Macrocnemus bassanii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	218	400	368	0	63	0	0	1
[13] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	74	533	477	0	85	0	0	1
[14] † Jesairosaurus lehmani Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	321	304	287	0	63	0	0	1
[15] † Pamelaria dolichotrachela Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	143	487	482	0	52	0	0	1
[16] † Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	57	568	558	0	57	0	0	1
[17] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	79	527	494	0	76	0	0	1
[18] † Noteosuchus colletti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	502	163	151	0	15	0	0	1
[19] † Mesosuchus browni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	70	554	523	0	55	0	0	1
[20] † Howesia browni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	302	349	322	0	32	0	0	1
[21] † Eohyosaurus wolvaardti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	525	143	137	0	14	0	0	1
[22] † Rhynchosaurus articeps Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	162	463	449	0	55	0	0	1
[23] † Bentonyx sidensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	426	214	213	0	38	0	0	1
[24] † Mesodapedon kuttyi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	643	31	31	0	3	0	0	1
[25] † Ammorhynchus navajoi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	622	41	40	0	15	0	0	1
[26] † Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	113	511	509	0	55	0	0	1
[27] † Brasinorhynchus mariantensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	391	254	252	0	34	0	0	1
[28] † Chanares rhynchosaur Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	638	40	37	0	2	0	0	1
[29] † Langeronyx brodiei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	529	122	121	0	27	0	0	1
[30] † Fodonyx spenceri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	543	121	121	0	13	0	0	1
[31] † Isalorhynchus genovefae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	185	445	441	0	49	0	0	1
[32] † Eorasaurus olsoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	652	27	24	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Prolacertoides jimusarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	591	65	63	0	22	0	0	1
[34] † Prolacerta broomi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	30	604	558	0	56	0	0	1
[35] † K australiensis combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	559	98	93	0	25	0	0	1
[36] † Boreopricea funerea Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	366	280	252	0	39	0	0	1
[37] † Archosaurus rossicus holotype Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	658	19	18	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Proterosuchus fergusi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	147	511	496	0	32	0	0	1
[39] † Proterosuchus goweri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	418	249	245	0	14	0	0	1
[40] † Proterosuchus alexanderi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	191	455	451	0	34	0	0	1
[41] † "Chasmatosaurus" yuani Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	154	495	481	0	41	0	0	1
[42] † Tasmaniosaurus triassicus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	570	102	95	0	12	0	0	1
[43] † Vonhuenia fredericki Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	657	18	18	0	2	0	0	1
[44] † C rossicus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	635	41	40	0	2	0	0	1
[45] † C magnus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	651	25	25	0	1	0	0	1
[46] † Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	657	22	20	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Koilamasuchus gonzalezdiazi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	647	31	28	0	2	0	0	1
[48] † Kalisuchus rewanensis holotype Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	634	38	33	0	10	0	0	1
[49] † Fugusuchus hejiapanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	463	197	194	0	19	0	0	1
[50] † Sarmatosuchus otschevi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	446	231	224	0	7	0	0	1
[51] † Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	482	177	170	0	25	0	0	1
[52] † Cuyosuchus huenei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	493	188	178	0	6	0	0	1
[53] † Garjainia prima Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	109	537	532	0	35	0	0	1
[54] † Garjainia madiba combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	351	320	304	0	16	0	0	1
[55] † Erythrosuchus africanus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	63	576	565	0	42	0	0	1
[56] † Shansisuchus shansisuchus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	165	477	471	0	40	0	0	1
[57] † Shansisuchus kuyeheensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	592	80	75	0	10	0	0	1
[58] † Chalishevia cothurnata Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	583	86	84	0	10	0	0	1
[59] † Youngosuchus sinensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	354	311	304	0	19	0	0	1
[60] † Uralosaurus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	645	26	26	0	6	0	0	1
[61] † Vancleavea campi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	209	415	410	0	56	0	0	1
[62] † Asperoris mnyama Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	566	101	89	0	16	0	0	1
[63] † Euparkeria capensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	41	622	610	0	26	0	0	1
[64] † Dorosuchus neoetus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	576	100	100	0	1	0	0	1
[65] † Yarasuchus deccanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	484	186	183	0	9	0	0	1
[66] † Dongusuchus efremovi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	646	31	31	0	0	0	0	1
[67] † Teleocrater rhadinus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	406	255	254	0	17	0	0	1
[68] † Spondylosoma absconditum Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	609	66	65	0	3	0	0	1
[69] † Proterochampsa barrionuevoi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	197	439	431	0	49	0	0	1
[70] † Proterochampsa nodosa Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	459	202	196	0	17	0	0	1
[71] † Tropidosuchus romeri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	159	497	487	0	30	0	0	1
[72] † Cerritosaurus binsfeldi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	453	208	203	0	21	0	0	1
[73] † Gualosuchus reigi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	197	452	442	0	36	0	0	1
[74] † Chanaresuchus bonapartei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	68	577	563	0	42	0	0	1
[75] † Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	277	378	372	0	28	0	0	1
[76] † Rhadinosuchus gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	570	101	95	0	12	0	0	1
[77] † Archeopelta arborensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	575	101	101	0	1	0	0	1
[78] † Tarjadia ruthae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	229	428	424	0	24	0	0	1
[79] † Erpetosuchus granti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	362	293	289	0	24	0	0	1
[80] † Erpetosuchus sp Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	589	84	79	0	9	0	0	1
[81] † Dyoplax arenaceus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	628	49	47	0	2	0	0	1
[82] † Jaxtasuchus salomoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	487	182	175	0	15	0	0	1
[83] † Doswellia kaltenbachi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	309	327	321	0	47	0	0	1
[84] † Parasuchus angustifrons Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	425	223	220	0	32	0	0	1
[85] † Parasuchus hislopi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	87	560	554	0	34	0	0	1
[86] † Nicrosaurus kapffi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	222	422	413	0	40	0	0	1
[87] † Smilosuchus spp. Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	84	553	543	0	45	0	0	1
[88] † Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	282	377	375	0	20	0	0	1
[89] † Ornithosuchus woodwardi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	207	446	439	0	27	0	0	1
[90] † Riojasuchus tenuisceps Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	94	556	544	0	33	0	0	1
[91] † Venaticosuchus rusconii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	510	152	150	0	17	0	0	1
[92] † Nundasuchus songeaensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	435	235	233	0	9	0	0	1
[93] † Turfanosuchus dabanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	209	449	442	0	24	0	0	1
[94] † Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	136	519	507	0	34	0	0	1
[95] † Yonghesuchus sangbiensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	496	166	163	0	18	0	0	1
[96] † Parringtonia gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	591	81	76	0	10	0	0	1
[97] † Aetosauroides scagliai Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	261	406	391	0	24	0	0	1
[98] † Aetosaurus ferratus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	157	496	491	0	29	0	0	1
[99] † Stagonolepis robertsoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	53	594	593	0	31	0	0	1
[100] † Ticinosuchus ferox Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	404	262	257	0	16	0	0	1
[101] † Qianosuchus mixtus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	255	397	395	0	27	0	0	1
[102] † Arizonasaurus babbitti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	304	344	339	0	34	0	0	1
[103] † Lotosaurus adentus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	257	368	362	0	58	0	0	1
[104] † Xilousuchus sapingensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	480	181	180	0	16	0	0	1
[105] † Luperosuchus fractus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	567	110	108	0	2	0	0	1
[106] † Decuriasuchus quartacolonia Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	307	346	342	0	28	0	0	1
[107] † Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	123	529	520	0	30	0	0	1
[108] † Prestosuchus chiniquensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	67	585	580	0	30	0	0	1
[109] † Scleromochlus taylori Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	510	150	139	0	28	0	0	1
[110] † Dimorphodon macronyx Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	316	311	306	0	55	0	0	1
[111] † Lagerpeton chanarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	520	141	137	0	18	0	0	1
[112] † Marasuchus lilloensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	335	318	312	0	30	0	0	1
[113] † Asilisaurus kongwe Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	447	215	213	0	17	0	0	1
[114] † Lewisuchus admixtus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	383	277	269	0	23	0	0	1
[115] † Silesaurus opolensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	123	514	504	0	49	0	0	1
[116] † Heterodontosaurus tucki Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	69	535	529	0	75	0	0	1
[117] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	63	574	562	0	52	0	0	1
[118] † Rugarhynchos sixmilensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	488	146	143	0	46	0	0	1
[119] † Litorusuchus somnii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21	273	384	378	0	26	0	0	1

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	34
Project downloads	33
Matrix downloads	1	Data matrix taken from Supplemental Material (1 download);