Project 3938: B. M. Wynd, S. J. Nesbitt, M. R. Stocker, A. B. Heckert. 2019. A Detailed description of Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov. (Archosauriformes, Proterochampsia), and cranial convergence in snout elongation across stem and crown archosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (6):e1748042.
Abstract
The Triassic Period (252–201.5 Ma) records a great expansion of saurian diversity and disparity, particularly in skull morphology. Stem archosaurs exhibit substantial cranial disparity, especially by taxa either shortening or elongating the skull. This disparity is exemplified in the North American Late Triassic proterochampsians by the ‘short-faced’ Vancleavea and the ‘long-faced’ doswelliids. To critically investigate skull elongation and character evolution in these proterochampsians, we evaluate ‘Doswellia’ sixmilensis, known from much of a skull, cervical centra, and osteoderms from the Bluewater Creek Member of the Chinle Formation of New Mexico. We redescribe the holotype based on extensive repreparation of the holotype material, resulting in the identification of the orbit and clarifying the extent of related bones. As such, the diagnosis of the taxon is substantially modified and a new genus, Rugarhynchos, gen. nov., is erected. Rugarhynchos sixmilensis, gen. et comb. nov., exhibits an elongate snout with characteristics known in stem and crown archosaurs, including a downturned premaxilla and fluted teeth. We included R. sixmilensis in a phylogenetic analysis of archosauromorphs consisting of 677 characters and 109 taxa under both parsimony and Bayesian models. We recover R. sixmilensis as a doswelliid, sister to Doswellia kaltenbachi. Our parsimony and Bayesian models differ in the placement of Doswelliidae, either as sister to or within Proterochampsidae, respectively. We use archosauromorph relationships from the Bayesian model to estimate cranial disparity between stem and crown archosaurs and find a narrow breadth of morphological disparity in the stem. Our results suggest that crown archosaurs evolved disparate crania from a low-disparate archosauriform condition.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1748042
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3938, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3938
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 38756 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 677 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1572 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:573/104 |
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MorphoBank Project 3938
MorphoBank Project 3938
- Creation Date:
22 February 2021 - Publication Date:
26 October 2021 - Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Appalachian State University
- Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 119 | 1 | 1 | 677 | 0 | 0 | 38756 (35293, 0, 3463) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27694' (119 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Petrolacosaurus kansensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 73 | 526 | 508 | 0 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 443 | 188 | 182 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Youngina capensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 67 | 547 | 500 | 0 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Paliguana whitei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 568 | 88 | 86 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 213 | 393 | 381 | 0 | 72 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 186 | 436 | 409 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Cteniogenys sp. Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 364 | 276 | 269 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Simoedosaurus lemoinei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 133 | 485 | 480 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Aenigmastropheus parringtoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 640 | 38 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Protorosaurus speneri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 175 | 452 | 404 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 343 | 292 | 285 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Macrocnemus bassanii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 218 | 400 | 368 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 74 | 533 | 477 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Jesairosaurus lehmani Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 321 | 304 | 287 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Pamelaria dolichotrachela Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 143 | 487 | 482 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 57 | 568 | 558 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 79 | 527 | 494 | 0 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Noteosuchus colletti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 502 | 163 | 151 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Mesosuchus browni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 70 | 554 | 523 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Howesia browni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 302 | 349 | 322 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Eohyosaurus wolvaardti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 525 | 143 | 137 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Rhynchosaurus articeps Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 162 | 463 | 449 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Bentonyx sidensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 426 | 214 | 213 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Mesodapedon kuttyi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 643 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Ammorhynchus navajoi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 622 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Stenaulorhynchus stockleyi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 113 | 511 | 509 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Brasinorhynchus mariantensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 391 | 254 | 252 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Chanares rhynchosaur Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 638 | 40 | 37 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Langeronyx brodiei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 529 | 122 | 121 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Fodonyx spenceri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 543 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Isalorhynchus genovefae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 185 | 445 | 441 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Eorasaurus olsoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 652 | 27 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Prolacertoides jimusarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 591 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Prolacerta broomi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 30 | 604 | 558 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † K australiensis combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 559 | 98 | 93 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Boreopricea funerea Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 366 | 280 | 252 | 0 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Archosaurus rossicus holotype Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 658 | 19 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Proterosuchus fergusi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 147 | 511 | 496 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Proterosuchus goweri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 418 | 249 | 245 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Proterosuchus alexanderi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 191 | 455 | 451 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † "Chasmatosaurus" yuani Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 154 | 495 | 481 | 0 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Tasmaniosaurus triassicus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 570 | 102 | 95 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Vonhuenia fredericki Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 657 | 18 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † C rossicus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 635 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † C magnus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 651 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 657 | 22 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Koilamasuchus gonzalezdiazi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 647 | 31 | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Kalisuchus rewanensis holotype Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 634 | 38 | 33 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Fugusuchus hejiapanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 463 | 197 | 194 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Sarmatosuchus otschevi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 446 | 231 | 224 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 482 | 177 | 170 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Cuyosuchus huenei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 493 | 188 | 178 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Garjainia prima Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 109 | 537 | 532 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Garjainia madiba combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 351 | 320 | 304 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Erythrosuchus africanus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 63 | 576 | 565 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Shansisuchus shansisuchus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 165 | 477 | 471 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Shansisuchus kuyeheensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 592 | 80 | 75 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Chalishevia cothurnata Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 583 | 86 | 84 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Youngosuchus sinensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 354 | 311 | 304 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Uralosaurus combined Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 645 | 26 | 26 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Vancleavea campi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 209 | 415 | 410 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Asperoris mnyama Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 566 | 101 | 89 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Euparkeria capensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 41 | 622 | 610 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Dorosuchus neoetus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 576 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Yarasuchus deccanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 484 | 186 | 183 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Dongusuchus efremovi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 646 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Teleocrater rhadinus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 406 | 255 | 254 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Spondylosoma absconditum Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 609 | 66 | 65 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Proterochampsa barrionuevoi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 197 | 439 | 431 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Proterochampsa nodosa Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 459 | 202 | 196 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Tropidosuchus romeri Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 159 | 497 | 487 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Cerritosaurus binsfeldi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 453 | 208 | 203 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Gualosuchus reigi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 197 | 452 | 442 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Chanaresuchus bonapartei Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 68 | 577 | 563 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Pseudochampsa ischigualastensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 277 | 378 | 372 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Rhadinosuchus gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 570 | 101 | 95 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] † Archeopelta arborensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 575 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] † Tarjadia ruthae Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 229 | 428 | 424 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] † Erpetosuchus granti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 362 | 293 | 289 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[80] † Erpetosuchus sp Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 589 | 84 | 79 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[81] † Dyoplax arenaceus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 628 | 49 | 47 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[82] † Jaxtasuchus salomoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 487 | 182 | 175 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[83] † Doswellia kaltenbachi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 309 | 327 | 321 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[84] † Parasuchus angustifrons Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 425 | 223 | 220 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[85] † Parasuchus hislopi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 87 | 560 | 554 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[86] † Nicrosaurus kapffi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 222 | 422 | 413 | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[87] † Smilosuchus spp. Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 84 | 553 | 543 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[88] † Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 282 | 377 | 375 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[89] † Ornithosuchus woodwardi Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 207 | 446 | 439 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[90] † Riojasuchus tenuisceps Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 94 | 556 | 544 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[91] † Venaticosuchus rusconii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 510 | 152 | 150 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[92] † Nundasuchus songeaensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 435 | 235 | 233 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[93] † Turfanosuchus dabanensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 209 | 449 | 442 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[94] † Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 136 | 519 | 507 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[95] † Yonghesuchus sangbiensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 496 | 166 | 163 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[96] † Parringtonia gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 591 | 81 | 76 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[97] † Aetosauroides scagliai Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 261 | 406 | 391 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[98] † Aetosaurus ferratus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 157 | 496 | 491 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[99] † Stagonolepis robertsoni Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 53 | 594 | 593 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[100] † Ticinosuchus ferox Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 404 | 262 | 257 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[101] † Qianosuchus mixtus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 255 | 397 | 395 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[102] † Arizonasaurus babbitti Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 304 | 344 | 339 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[103] † Lotosaurus adentus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 257 | 368 | 362 | 0 | 58 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[104] † Xilousuchus sapingensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 480 | 181 | 180 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[105] † Luperosuchus fractus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 567 | 110 | 108 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[106] † Decuriasuchus quartacolonia Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 307 | 346 | 342 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[107] † Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 123 | 529 | 520 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[108] † Prestosuchus chiniquensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 67 | 585 | 580 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[109] † Scleromochlus taylori Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 510 | 150 | 139 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[110] † Dimorphodon macronyx Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 316 | 311 | 306 | 0 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[111] † Lagerpeton chanarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 520 | 141 | 137 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[112] † Marasuchus lilloensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 335 | 318 | 312 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[113] † Asilisaurus kongwe Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 447 | 215 | 213 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[114] † Lewisuchus admixtus Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 383 | 277 | 269 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[115] † Silesaurus opolensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 123 | 514 | 504 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[116] † Heterodontosaurus tucki Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 69 | 535 | 529 | 0 | 75 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[117] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 63 | 574 | 562 | 0 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[118] † Rugarhynchos sixmilensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 488 | 146 | 143 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[119] † Litorusuchus somnii Taxon name last Modified on 10/26/21 | 273 | 384 | 378 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 34 | |
Project downloads | 33 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Data matrix taken from Supplemental Material (1 download); |