Project 3970: S. J. Nesbitt, M. R. Stocker, M. D. Ezcurra, N. C. Fraser, A. B. Heckert, W. G. Parker, B. Mueller, S. Sengupta, S. Bandyopadhyay, A. C. Pritchard, A. D. Marsh, D. Field. 2022. Widespread azendohsaurids (Archosauromorpha, Allokotosauria) from the Late Triassic of western USA and India. Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (1):null.
Abstract
Archosauromorph reptiles underwent rapid lineage diversification, increases in morphological and body size disparity, and expansion into new adaptive landscapes. Several of the primary early archosauromorph clades (e.g. rhynchosaurs) are easy to differentiate from others because of their characteristic body types, whereas the more lizard-like and carnivorous forms with long necks (e.g. tanystropheids) were historically all relegated to the groups Protorosauria or Prolacertiformes. However, it is now clear that these groups are polyphyletic and that a lizard-like, carnivorous form is plesiomorphic for Archosauromorpha, and multiple subclades started with that body plan. Among these early forms is Malerisaurus from the Upper Triassic of India (M. robinsonae) and the Upper Triassic of south-western USA (M. langstoni). In this paper, we critically re-evaluate the genus. We find both species of Malerisaurus as valid, and identify Malerisaurus as an early diverging, but late-surviving, carnivorous member of Azendohsauridae within Allokotosauria. Our histological analysis and assessment of ontogenetic changes of limb bones of small and large individuals demonstrate that the skeletons of the small forms grew slowly and became more robust through ontogeny, and that the larger recovered bones are at or near the maximum size of the taxon. Malerisaurus and Malerisaurus-like taxa were common members of the Otischalkian–Adamanian (late Carnian to mid-Norian) faunal assemblages from Upper Triassic strata of the south western USA, but they are absent from the younger Revueltian holochronozone. Specimens from western North America show that Allokotosauria had a near-Pangaean distribution for much of the Middle Triassic to Late Triassic.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1002/spp2.1413
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3970, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3970
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 14055 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 339 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 726 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:305/34 |
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MorphoBank Project 3970
MorphoBank Project 3970
- Creation Date:
26 March 2021 - Publication Date:
03 November 2021 - Project views: 10461
- Matrix downloads: 6
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- National Museums of Scotland, Royal Museum, Edinburgh
- Petrified Forest National Park, Navajo County
- Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock
- Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville
- Appalachian State University
- Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
- Durgapur Government College
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Sterling Nesbitt Project Administrator | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Martin Ezcurra Full membership | 67 | 0 | 0 | 339 | 0 | 0 | 14055 (13493, 0, 562) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27574' (68 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Petrolacosaurus kansasensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 26 | 292 | 290 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Malerisaurus-like form PEFO Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 79 | 261 | 256 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Malerisaurus-like form large Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 237 | 103 | 101 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Malerisaurus langstoni Last Modified in 06/30/21 | 254 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Malerisaurus all NA Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 82 | 270 | 257 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Malerisaurus robinsonae Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 196 | 149 | 139 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Pamelaria dolichotrachela Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 66 | 269 | 263 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Azendohsaurus madagaskarensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 14 | 314 | 314 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Azendohsaurus laaroussi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 297 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Shringasaurus indicus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 127 | 209 | 208 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 13 | 307 | 306 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Trilophosaurus jacobsi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 221 | 116 | 116 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Spinosuchus caseanus (combined) Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 145 | 196 | 193 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Spinosuchus caseanus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 315 | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Teraterpeton hrynewichorum Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 133 | 204 | 202 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Orovenator mayorum Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 243 | 91 | 91 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Hypuronector limnaios Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 261 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Vallesaurus cenensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 209 | 123 | 123 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Megalancosaurus preonensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 188 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Drepanosaurus unguicaudatus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 237 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Dolabrosaurus aquatilis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 292 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Avicranium renestoi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 229 | 97 | 97 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Coelurosauravus elivensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 171 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Weigeltisaurus jaekeli Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 211 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Rautiania spp. Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 249 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Claudiosaurus germaini Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 78 | 256 | 254 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 222 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Hovasaurus boulei Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 127 | 209 | 207 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Thadeosaurus colcanapi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 182 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Tropidostoma zone younginiform Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 133 | 203 | 203 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Youngina capensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 38 | 287 | 287 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 151 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] Shinisaurus crocodilurus Last Modified in 06/30/21 | 19 | 298 | 297 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] Iguana iguana Last Modified in 06/30/21 | 18 | 309 | 309 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] Uromastyx acanthinura Last Modified in 06/30/21 | 29 | 294 | 294 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 81 | 241 | 241 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Diphydontosaurus avonis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 116 | 226 | 221 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 111 | 229 | 226 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Sphenotitan leyesi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 257 | 77 | 76 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Clevosaurus brasiliensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 212 | 127 | 125 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Clevosaurus hudsoni Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 22 | 302 | 299 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] Sphenodon punctatum Last Modified in 06/30/21 | 12 | 309 | 307 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Colobops noviportensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 288 | 52 | 50 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Protorosaurus speneri Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 72 | 256 | 256 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Macrocnemus bassanii Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 88 | 245 | 244 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 114 | 220 | 219 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Amotosaurus rotfeldensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 158 | 178 | 177 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 28 | 307 | 302 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Ozimek volans Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 187 | 152 | 152 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Langobardisaurus pandoflii Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 156 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Tanytrachelos ahynis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 140 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Mesosuchus browni Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 27 | 303 | 301 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Howesia browni Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 213 | 122 | 121 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] † Eohyosaurus wolvaardti Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 272 | 68 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] † Rhynchosaurus articeps Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 66 | 256 | 255 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Teyumbaita sulcognathus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 123 | 199 | 199 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Hyperodapedon gordoni Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 91 | 231 | 230 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Boreopricea funerea Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 125 | 208 | 208 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Prolacerta broomi Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 19 | 315 | 310 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Proterosuchus spp Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 40 | 295 | 292 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Proterosuchus yuani Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 91 | 241 | 241 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Erythrosuchus africanus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 52 | 278 | 278 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Euparkeria capensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 66 | 265 | 264 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Batrachotomus kupferzellensis Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 49 | 274 | 273 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Plateosaurus engelhardti Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 49 | 259 | 257 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Coelophysis bauri Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 59 | 251 | 247 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Icarosaurus siefkeri Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 164 | 172 | 172 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Kuehneosaurus latus Last Modified in 11/03/21 | 61 | 280 | 274 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 10461 | |
Project overview | 684 | |
Media views | 2360 | Media search (1403 views); M739896 (250 views); M739897 (228 views); M739898 (250 views); M739899 (229 views); |
Matrix views | 452 | Matrix landing page (417 views); Nesbitt et al Malerisaurus data matrix nexus (35 views); |
Bibliography | 306 | |
Views for media list | 512 | |
Specimen list | 1030 | |
Taxon list | 5113 | |
Documents list | 4 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 39 | |
Project downloads | 33 | |
Matrix downloads | 6 | Nesbitt et al Malerisaurus data matrix nexus (6 downloads); |