Project 4056: T. B. Rietbergen, L. W. van den Hoek Ostende, A. Aase, M. F. Jones, E. D. Medeiros, N. B. Simmons. 2023. The oldest known bat skeletons and their implications for Eocene chiropteran diversification. PLOS ONE. 18 (4):e0283505.
Abstract
The Fossil Lake deposits of the Green River Formation of Wyoming, a remarkable early Eocene Lagerstätte (51.98 ±0.35 Ma), have produced nearly 30 bat fossils over the last 50 years. However, diversity has thus far been limited to only two bat species. Here, we describe a new species of Icaronycteris based on two articulated skeletons discovered in the American Fossil Quarry northwest of Kemmerer, Wyoming. The relative stratigraphic position of these fossils indicates that they are the oldest bat skeletons recovered to date anywhere in the world. Phylogenetic analysis of Eocene fossil bats and living taxa places the new species within the family Icaronycteridae as sister to Icaronycteris index, and additionally indicates that the two Green River archaic bat families (Icaronycteridae and Onychonycteridae) form a clade distinct from known Old World lineages of archaic bats. Our analyses found no evidence that Icaronycteris? menui (France) nor I. sigei (India) belong to this clade; accordingly, we therefore remove them from Icaronycteridae. Taken in sum, our results indicate that Green River bats represent a separate chiropteran radiation of basal bats, and provide additional support for the hypothesis of a rapid radiation of bats on multiple continents during the early Eocene.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283505
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4056, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4056
| This project contains | Matrices |
|---|---|
Download Project SDD File  | Total scored cells: 6657 Total media associated with cells: 2358 Total labels associated with cell media: 2595 |
| Characters | |
| Total characters: 568 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1595 Total character states with associated media: 90 Total character states with media with labels:89 Total unordered/ordered characters:539/29 |
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MorphoBank Project 4056
MorphoBank Project 4056
- Creation Date:
17 September 2008 - Publication Date:
21 April 2023 - Project views: 70738
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 9
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Fossil Butte National Monument, Kemmerer
- University of Kansas
- University of Maine
- American Museum of Natural History
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
Members
| member name | taxa |
specimens |
media | media notes | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||||||
| Nancy Simmons Project Administrator | 127 | 55 | 24 | 8 | 220 | 220 | 4 | 18 | 1090 (738, 220, 132) | 0 | 606 | 646 | 0 | ||||||
| Matthew Jones Full membership | 21 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1643 (1340, 210, 93) | 0 | 130 | 123 | 0 | ||||||
| Tim Rietbergen Full membership | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 456 (222, 225, 9) | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27589' (16 Taxa)
| taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
| [1] Erinaceus europaeus Last Modified in 11/20/14 | 7 | 504 | 112 | 1 | 64 | 390 | 215 | none |
| [2] Sorex bendirii Last Modified in 02/08/21 | 50 | 463 | 457 | 10 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [3] † Onychonycteris finneyi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 377 | 170 | 139 | 21 | 212 | 258 | 3 |
| [4] † Icaronycteris gunnelli Last Modified in 04/21/23 | 113 | 221 | 215 | 225 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 3 |
| [5] † Icaronycteris index Last Modified in 05/01/20 | 13 | 424 | 180 | 112 | 19 | 236 | 234 | 3 |
| [6] † Icaronycteris sigei Last Modified in 05/15/17 | 487 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [7] † Icaronycteris menui Last Modified in 01/14/20 | 388 | 169 | 155 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [8] † Archaeonycteris trigonodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 266 | 279 | 80 | 14 | 10 | 196 | 260 | 3 |
| [9] † Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 264 | 173 | 114 | 124 | 8 | 49 | 58 | 3 |
| [10] † Hassianycteris messelensis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 284 | 188 | 133 | 85 | 12 | 48 | 42 | 3 |
| [11] † Tachypteron franzeni Last Modified in 03/04/20 | 414 | 141 | 140 | 2 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| [12] Saccopteryx bilineata Last Modified in 05/01/20 | 6 | 520 | 228 | 10 | 34 | 246 | 312 | 3 |
| [13] Rhinopoma hardwickii Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 53 | 471 | 234 | 3 | 43 | 165 | 242 | 3 |
| [14] Myotis lucifugus Last Modified in 05/01/20 | 6 | 531 | 235 | 17 | 20 | 246 | 290 | 3 |
| [15] Macrotus waterhousii Last Modified in 05/01/20 | 45 | 402 | 151 | 101 | 24 | 277 | 325 | 3 |
| [16] Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 49 | 407 | 138 | 71 | 43 | 287 | 359 | 3 |
Project views
| type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
| Total project views | 70738 | |
| Project overview | 331 | |
| Specimen list | 50271 | |
| Documents list | 183 | |
| Bibliography | 623 | |
| Media views | 15236 | Media search (533 views); M813522 (127 views); M813384 (86 views); M813385 (85 views); M813386 (86 views); M813387 (86 views); M813388 (88 views); M813389 (87 views); M813390 (88 views); M813391 (84 views); M813392 (85 views); M813393 (92 views); M813394 (86 views); M813395 (85 views); M813396 (84 views); M813397 (82 views); M813398 (87 views); M813399 (84 views); M813400 (93 views); M813401 (83 views); M813402 (85 views); M813403 (87 views); M813404 (91 views); M813405 (88 views); M813406 (86 views); M813407 (88 views); M813454 (85 views); M813455 (86 views); M813456 (86 views); M813457 (90 views); M813458 (85 views); M813459 (81 views); M813460 (83 views); M813461 (82 views); M813462 (77 views); M813463 (85 views); M813464 (83 views); M813465 (84 views); M813466 (85 views); M813467 (84 views); M813468 (84 views); M813469 (83 views); M813470 (82 views); M813471 (83 views); M813479 (83 views); M813480 (83 views); M813493 (80 views); M813495 (83 views); M813496 (81 views); M813497 (83 views); M813498 (71 views); M813499 (75 views); M813500 (71 views); M813501 (84 views); M813502 (74 views); M813503 (77 views); M813511 (75 views); M813512 (79 views); M813514 (78 views); M813515 (70 views); M813516 (75 views); M813517 (79 views); M813518 (70 views); M813519 (63 views); M813520 (75 views); M813521 (78 views); M813523 (78 views); M813524 (82 views); M813525 (70 views); M813526 (72 views); M813527 (60 views); M813528 (71 views); M813531 (79 views); M813532 (80 views); M813533 (73 views); M813538 (72 views); M813539 (70 views); M813540 (79 views); M813541 (77 views); M813542 (81 views); M813543 (77 views); M813544 (74 views); M813545 (72 views); M813546 (71 views); M813547 (70 views); M813548 (73 views); M813549 (69 views); M813550 (86 views); M813551 (79 views); M813552 (74 views); M813553 (79 views); M813554 (73 views); M813555 (72 views); M813556 (70 views); M813557 (73 views); M813558 (73 views); M813559 (72 views); M813560 (78 views); M813561 (79 views); M813562 (74 views); M813563 (81 views); M813564 (55 views); M813565 (52 views); M813566 (50 views); M813567 (53 views); M813568 (56 views); M813570 (57 views); M813569 (55 views); M813571 (54 views); M813572 (51 views); M813573 (53 views); M813574 (51 views); M813575 (47 views); M813576 (51 views); M813577 (55 views); M813578 (51 views); M813579 (52 views); M813580 (52 views); M813581 (54 views); M813582 (55 views); M813583 (54 views); M813584 (47 views); M813585 (53 views); M813586 (58 views); M813587 (53 views); M813588 (54 views); M813589 (57 views); M813590 (50 views); M813591 (52 views); M813592 (53 views); M813593 (48 views); M813594 (51 views); M813595 (51 views); M813597 (55 views); M813596 (54 views); M813598 (58 views); M813599 (58 views); M813600 (54 views); M813602 (53 views); M813603 (53 views); M813604 (55 views); M813605 (53 views); M813606 (47 views); M813607 (51 views); M813608 (53 views); M813609 (45 views); M813610 (53 views); M813612 (62 views); M813611 (48 views); M813613 (51 views); M813614 (58 views); M813615 (55 views); M813616 (57 views); M813617 (53 views); M813618 (55 views); M813619 (53 views); M813620 (55 views); M813621 (65 views); M813762 (54 views); M813763 (52 views); M813764 (60 views); M813765 (57 views); M813766 (54 views); M813767 (52 views); M813768 (51 views); M813769 (55 views); M813853 (54 views); M813855 (58 views); M813858 (53 views); M813923 (49 views); M813921 (62 views); M813924 (54 views); M813925 (54 views); M813926 (53 views); M813927 (51 views); M813928 (53 views); M813929 (53 views); M813930 (54 views); M813931 (52 views); M813932 (51 views); M813933 (55 views); M813934 (54 views); M813936 (49 views); M813935 (54 views); M813937 (52 views); M813938 (54 views); M813939 (50 views); M813940 (59 views); M813941 (53 views); M813942 (56 views); M813943 (52 views); M813944 (52 views); M814029 (54 views); M814030 (58 views); M814031 (51 views); M814032 (54 views); M814033 (54 views); M814043 (55 views); M814055 (53 views); M814058 (54 views); M814062 (49 views); M814065 (54 views); M814067 (60 views); M814495 (57 views); M814496 (53 views); M814497 (53 views); M814498 (50 views); M814499 (52 views); M814500 (52 views); M814501 (54 views); M814502 (53 views); M814503 (59 views); M814504 (51 views); M814505 (54 views); M814506 (53 views); M814507 (56 views); M814508 (54 views); M814509 (57 views); M814510 (54 views); M814511 (51 views); M814512 (56 views); M814513 (55 views); M814514 (50 views); M814515 (53 views); M814516 (53 views); M814517 (51 views); |
| Taxon list | 2402 | |
| Views for media list | 1477 | |
| Matrix views | 215 | Matrix landing page (193 views); Master matrix (22 views); |
Project downloads
| type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
| Total downloads from project | 14 | |
| Matrix downloads | 9 | Master matrix (9 downloads); |
| Project downloads | 2 | |
| Document downloads | 2 | Rietbergen et al 2023 (2 downloads); |
| Media downloads | 1 | M813384 (1 download); |