Project 4133: J. S. Bittencourt, T. R. Simões, M. W. Caldwell, M. C. Langer. 2020. Discovery of the oldest South American fossil lizard illustrates the cosmopolitanism of early South American squamates. Communications Biology. 3 (1):null.
Specimen: † Labidosaurus hamatus (unvouchered)
View: fossil skeleton

Abstract

Squamates have an extremely long evolutionary history with a fossil record that extends into the Middle Triassic. However, most of our knowledge of their early evolutionary history is derived from Laurasian records. Therefore, fundamental questions regarding the early evolution of squamates in the Southern Hemisphere, such as the origins of the extremely diverse and endemic South American fauna, remain unanswered. Here, we describe a new lizard species that represents the oldest fossil squamate from South America, demonstrating that squamates were present on that continent at least 20 million years earlier than previously recorded. The new species represents the first occurrence of the extinct squamate family Paramacellodidae in South America and displays an unusual limb morphology. Finally, our findings suggest early South American squamates were part of a much broader distribution of their respective clades, in sharp contrast to the high levels of endemicity characteristic of modern faunas.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0926-0

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4133, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4133
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 2 Documents
  • 131 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 349 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 6.33M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 31478
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 349
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 757
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:349/0
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 4133

    Authors' Institutions

    • Harvard University

    • Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

    • University of Alberta

    • Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP, University of Sao Paulo)



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    131113490031478
    (28757, 0, 2721)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28906' (131 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Protorothyris archeri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    96242242011001
    [2] † Protocaptorhinus pricei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    178161161010001
    [3] † Captorhinus aguti
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    25309308016001
    [4] † Labidosaurus hamatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    16318318015001
    [5] † Eunotosaurus africanus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    10024024009001
    [6] † Proganochelys queensdedti
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    30302302017001
    [7] † Odontochelys semitestacea
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    22611511508001
    [8] † Kayentachelys aprix
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    94211211044001
    [9] † Petrolacosaurus kansensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    80258258011001
    [10] † Araeoscelis gracilis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    135204204010001
    [11] † Araeoscelis casei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    13820320308001
    [12] † Claudiosaurus germaini
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    14519619608001
    [13] † Youngina capensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    11722722309001
    [14] † Hovasaurus boulei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    17317017006001
    [15] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    22511811806001
    [16] † Saurosternon bainii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    279676703001
    [17] † Coelurosauravus jaekeli
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    208128128013001
    [18] † Coelurosauravus elivensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    225112112012001
    [19] † Hupehsuchus nanchangensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    17616816805001
    [20] † Parvinatator wapitiensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    259888802001
    [21] † Gulosaurus helmi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    21013213207001
    [22] † Utatsusaurus hataii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    169168168012001
    [23] † Mixosaurus panxianensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    118219219012001
    [24] † Prolacerta broomi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    35304302012001
    [25] † Protorosaurus speneri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    116221221012001
    [26] † Tanystropheus longobardicus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    115216215019001
    [27] † Langobardisaurus pandolfii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    194135135020001
    [28] † Megalancosaurus preonensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    212127127010001
    [29] † Macrocnemus fuyuanensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    172164164013001
    [30] † Macrocnemus bassanii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    130201201018001
    [31] † Endennasaurus acutirostris
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    175161161013001
    [32] † Askeptosaurus italicus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    62271271016001
    [33] † Xinpusaurus kohi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    164167166019001
    [34] † Philydrosaurus proseilus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    126210210013001
    [35] † Champsosaurus lindoei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    89244244016001
    [36] † Trilophosaurus buettneri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    59273272018001
    [37] † Mesosuchus browni
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4729529507001
    [38] † Howesia browni
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    21413213203001
    [39] † Teyumbaita sulcognathus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    90244244015001
    [40] † Hyperodapedon huenei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    66268268015001
    [41] † Proterosuchus alexanderi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    8525625608001
    [42] † Proterosuchus fergusi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    17416816807001
    [43] † Euparkeria capensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    5828428308001
    [44] † Erythrosuchus africanus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    8026026009001
    [45] † Largocephalosaurus qianensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    130204204015001
    [46] † Sinosaurosphargis yunguiensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    165163163021001
    [47] † Cyamodus hildegardis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    166173173010001
    [48] † Placodus gigas
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    22306304023001
    [49] † Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    152187187010001
    [50] † Serpianosaurus mirigioliensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    58273272019001
    [51] † Lariosaurus calcagnii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    88245245016001
    [52] † Pistosaurus longaevus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    172156156021001
    [53] † Palaegama vielhaueri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    268767605001
    [54] † Kuehneosaurus latus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    130205204015001
    [55] † Icarosaurus siefkeri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    21512612509001
    [56] † Pamelina polonica
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    23011111009001
    [57] † Megachirella wachtleri
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    170167167012001
    [58] † Marmoretta oxoniensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    260848405001
    [59] † Paliguana whitei
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    277707002001
    [60] † Sophineta cracoviensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    23810610605001
    [61] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    94242242013001
    [62] † Diphyodontosaurus avonis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    175164164010001
    [63] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    187148148014001
    [64] † Homeosaurus maximiliani
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    205132132012001
    [65] † Clevosaurus hudsoni
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    97236236016001
    [66] † Palaeopleurosaurus posidoniae
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    91239239019001
    [67] † Kallimodon pulchellus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    98235235016001
    [68] † Priosphenodon avelasi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    116206206027001
    [69] Sphenodon punctatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1327325023001
    [70] Trioceros jacksonii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    10301301038001
    [71] Uromastyx aegyptia
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1327326022001
    [72] † Priscagama gobiensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    120205204025001
    [73] † Pleurodontagama aenigmatoides
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    207131131011001
    [74] Igua minuta
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    252939304001
    [75] † Polrussia mongoliensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    245969608001
    [76] Oplurus cyclurus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    6323322021001
    [77] Stenocercus scapularis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2328328019001
    [78] Hoplocercus spinosus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2331331016001
    [79] Pristidactylus scapulatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1333332016001
    [80] Iguana iguana
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0334333016001
    [81] Polychrus marmoratus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1333329019001
    [82] Crotaphytus collaris
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0331329020001
    [83] Liolaemus signifer
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0332330019001
    [84] Leiocephalus carinatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1335333015001
    [85] Phrynosoma modestum
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    8315314027001
    [86] Plestiodon fasciatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2327325022001
    [87] Mabuya mabouya
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    3326325021001
    [88] † Slavoia darevskii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    86255252011001
    [89] † Globaura venusta
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    131209206012001
    [90] Cordylus niger
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4332332013001
    [91] Broadleysaurus major
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2335335012001
    [92] Timon lepidus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4329329016001
    [93] Lacerta viridis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4326325020001
    [94] † Meyasaurus diazromerali
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    154186185010001
    [95] † Paramacellodus oweni
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    272777700001
    [96] † Gobinatus arenosus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    102237235012001
    [97] † Gilmoreteius chulsanensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    36297294019001
    [98] Teius teyou
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0334333016001
    [99] Petracola ventrimaculatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    7322322020001
    [100] Xantusia vigilis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2318317030001
    [101] † Tepexisaurus tepexii
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    17316716709001
    [102] † Ardeosaurus brevipes
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    265767608001
    [103] † Eichstaettisaurus schroederi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    164169169016001
    [104] † Gobekko cretacicus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2548383012001
    [105] Dactylocnemis pacificus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    11304304034001
    [106] Gekko gecko
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2315313034001
    [107] Coleonyx variegatus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    7308306036001
    [108] † Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    149183183017001
    [109] † Dalinghosaurus longidigitus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    207131131011001
    [110] Xenosaurus grandis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0330329020001
    [111] Pseudopus apodus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    1290289059001
    [112] Elgaria multicarinata
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0335335014001
    [113] Heloderma suspectum
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2326325022001
    [114] Lanthanotus borneensis
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    0325324025001
    [115] Varanus salvator
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4328327018001
    [116] † Aigialosaurus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    133198197019001
    [117] † Adriosaurus suessi
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    248969605001
    [118] † Pontosaurus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    126202200023001
    [119] † Najash rionegrina
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    2555454040001
    [120] † Dinilysia patagonica
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    64209209076001
    [121] † Pachyrhachis problematicus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    130151151068001
    [122] Cylindrophis ruffus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    72382380104001
    [123] Xenopeltis unicolor
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    22302290118001
    [124] Anilius scytale
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    72382380104001
    [125] † Spathorhynchus fossorium
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    170150150029001
    [126] Rhineura floridana
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    72352350107001
    [127] Bipes biporus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    4267267078001
    [128] Blanus cinereus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    142322320103001
    [129] Dibamus novaeguineae
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    102352340105001
    [130] † Becklesius cataphractus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    251949404001
    [131] † Neokotus sanfranciscanus
    Last Modified in 08/10/22
    286626201001


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views5840
    Project overview377
    Matrix views242Matrix landing page (223 views); Data matrix from Supplemental Data 1 (19 views);
    Documents list213
    Media views880Media search (741 views); M846613 (139 views);
    Bibliography188
    Views for media list308
    Specimen list477
    Taxon list3155




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project3
    Project downloads1
    Matrix downloads2Data matrix from Supplemental Data 1 (2 downloads);