Morphobank

Project 4133: J. S. Bittencourt, T. R. Simões, M. W. Caldwell, M. C. Langer. 2020. Discovery of the oldest South American fossil lizard illustrates the cosmopolitanism of early South American squamates. Communications Biology. 3 (1):null.

Specimen: † Labidosaurus hamatus (unvouchered)
View: fossil skeleton

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Abstract

Squamates have an extremely long evolutionary history with a fossil record that extends into the Middle Triassic. However, most of our knowledge of their early evolutionary history is derived from Laurasian records. Therefore, fundamental questions regarding the early evolution of squamates in the Southern Hemisphere, such as the origins of the extremely diverse and endemic South American fauna, remain unanswered. Here, we describe a new lizard species that represents the oldest fossil squamate from South America, demonstrating that squamates were present on that continent at least 20 million years earlier than previously recorded. The new species represents the first occurrence of the extinct squamate family Paramacellodidae in South America and displays an unusual limb morphology. Finally, our findings suggest early South American squamates were part of a much broader distribution of their respective clades, in sharp contrast to the high levels of endemicity characteristic of modern faunas.

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Article DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0926-0

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4133, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4133

This project contains	Matrices
1 Media 1 Matrix 2 Documents 131 Taxa 1 Specimen 349 Characters Total size of project's media files: 6.33M Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 31478 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 349 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 757 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:349/0

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MorphoBank Project 4133

Creation Date:
23 November 2021
Publication Date:
10 August 2022
Matrix downloads: 2

Authors' Institutions

Harvard University

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

University of Alberta

Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP, University of Sao Paulo)

Members

MorphoBank Curator
Project Administrator

131

349

31478
(28757, 0, 2721)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28906' (131 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Protorothyris archeri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	96	242	242	0	11	0	0	1
[2] † Protocaptorhinus pricei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	178	161	161	0	10	0	0	1
[3] † Captorhinus aguti Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	25	309	308	0	16	0	0	1
[4] † Labidosaurus hamatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	16	318	318	0	15	0	0	1
[5] † Eunotosaurus africanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	100	240	240	0	9	0	0	1
[6] † Proganochelys queensdedti Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	30	302	302	0	17	0	0	1
[7] † Odontochelys semitestacea Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	226	115	115	0	8	0	0	1
[8] † Kayentachelys aprix Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	94	211	211	0	44	0	0	1
[9] † Petrolacosaurus kansensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	80	258	258	0	11	0	0	1
[10] † Araeoscelis gracilis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	135	204	204	0	10	0	0	1
[11] † Araeoscelis casei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	138	203	203	0	8	0	0	1
[12] † Claudiosaurus germaini Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	145	196	196	0	8	0	0	1
[13] † Youngina capensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	117	227	223	0	9	0	0	1
[14] † Hovasaurus boulei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	173	170	170	0	6	0	0	1
[15] † Acerosodontosaurus piveteaui Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	225	118	118	0	6	0	0	1
[16] † Saurosternon bainii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	279	67	67	0	3	0	0	1
[17] † Coelurosauravus jaekeli Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	208	128	128	0	13	0	0	1
[18] † Coelurosauravus elivensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	225	112	112	0	12	0	0	1
[19] † Hupehsuchus nanchangensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	176	168	168	0	5	0	0	1
[20] † Parvinatator wapitiensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	259	88	88	0	2	0	0	1
[21] † Gulosaurus helmi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	210	132	132	0	7	0	0	1
[22] † Utatsusaurus hataii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	169	168	168	0	12	0	0	1
[23] † Mixosaurus panxianensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	118	219	219	0	12	0	0	1
[24] † Prolacerta broomi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	35	304	302	0	12	0	0	1
[25] † Protorosaurus speneri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	116	221	221	0	12	0	0	1
[26] † Tanystropheus longobardicus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	115	216	215	0	19	0	0	1
[27] † Langobardisaurus pandolfii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	194	135	135	0	20	0	0	1
[28] † Megalancosaurus preonensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	212	127	127	0	10	0	0	1
[29] † Macrocnemus fuyuanensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	172	164	164	0	13	0	0	1
[30] † Macrocnemus bassanii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	130	201	201	0	18	0	0	1
[31] † Endennasaurus acutirostris Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	175	161	161	0	13	0	0	1
[32] † Askeptosaurus italicus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	62	271	271	0	16	0	0	1
[33] † Xinpusaurus kohi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	164	167	166	0	19	0	0	1
[34] † Philydrosaurus proseilus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	126	210	210	0	13	0	0	1
[35] † Champsosaurus lindoei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	89	244	244	0	16	0	0	1
[36] † Trilophosaurus buettneri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	59	273	272	0	18	0	0	1
[37] † Mesosuchus browni Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	47	295	295	0	7	0	0	1
[38] † Howesia browni Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	214	132	132	0	3	0	0	1
[39] † Teyumbaita sulcognathus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	90	244	244	0	15	0	0	1
[40] † Hyperodapedon huenei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	66	268	268	0	15	0	0	1
[41] † Proterosuchus alexanderi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	85	256	256	0	8	0	0	1
[42] † Proterosuchus fergusi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	174	168	168	0	7	0	0	1
[43] † Euparkeria capensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	58	284	283	0	8	0	0	1
[44] † Erythrosuchus africanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	80	260	260	0	9	0	0	1
[45] † Largocephalosaurus qianensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	130	204	204	0	15	0	0	1
[46] † Sinosaurosphargis yunguiensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	165	163	163	0	21	0	0	1
[47] † Cyamodus hildegardis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	166	173	173	0	10	0	0	1
[48] † Placodus gigas Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	22	306	304	0	23	0	0	1
[49] † Wumengosaurus delicatomandibularis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	152	187	187	0	10	0	0	1
[50] † Serpianosaurus mirigioliensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	58	273	272	0	19	0	0	1
[51] † Lariosaurus calcagnii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	88	245	245	0	16	0	0	1
[52] † Pistosaurus longaevus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	172	156	156	0	21	0	0	1
[53] † Palaegama vielhaueri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	268	76	76	0	5	0	0	1
[54] † Kuehneosaurus latus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	130	205	204	0	15	0	0	1
[55] † Icarosaurus siefkeri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	215	126	125	0	9	0	0	1
[56] † Pamelina polonica Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	230	111	110	0	9	0	0	1
[57] † Megachirella wachtleri Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	170	167	167	0	12	0	0	1
[58] † Marmoretta oxoniensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	260	84	84	0	5	0	0	1
[59] † Paliguana whitei Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	277	70	70	0	2	0	0	1
[60] † Sophineta cracoviensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	238	106	106	0	5	0	0	1
[61] † Gephyrosaurus bridensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	94	242	242	0	13	0	0	1
[62] † Diphyodontosaurus avonis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	175	164	164	0	10	0	0	1
[63] † Planocephalosaurus robinsonae Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	187	148	148	0	14	0	0	1
[64] † Homeosaurus maximiliani Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	205	132	132	0	12	0	0	1
[65] † Clevosaurus hudsoni Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	97	236	236	0	16	0	0	1
[66] † Palaeopleurosaurus posidoniae Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	91	239	239	0	19	0	0	1
[67] † Kallimodon pulchellus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	98	235	235	0	16	0	0	1
[68] † Priosphenodon avelasi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	116	206	206	0	27	0	0	1
[69] Sphenodon punctatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	327	325	0	23	0	0	1
[70] Trioceros jacksonii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	10	301	301	0	38	0	0	1
[71] Uromastyx aegyptia Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	327	326	0	22	0	0	1
[72] † Priscagama gobiensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	120	205	204	0	25	0	0	1
[73] † Pleurodontagama aenigmatoides Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	207	131	131	0	11	0	0	1
[74] Igua minuta Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	252	93	93	0	4	0	0	1
[75] † Polrussia mongoliensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	245	96	96	0	8	0	0	1
[76] Oplurus cyclurus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	6	323	322	0	21	0	0	1
[77] Stenocercus scapularis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	328	328	0	19	0	0	1
[78] Hoplocercus spinosus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	331	331	0	16	0	0	1
[79] Pristidactylus scapulatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	333	332	0	16	0	0	1
[80] Iguana iguana Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	334	333	0	16	0	0	1
[81] Polychrus marmoratus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	333	329	0	19	0	0	1
[82] Crotaphytus collaris Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	331	329	0	20	0	0	1
[83] Liolaemus signifer Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	332	330	0	19	0	0	1
[84] Leiocephalus carinatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	335	333	0	15	0	0	1
[85] Phrynosoma modestum Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	8	315	314	0	27	0	0	1
[86] Plestiodon fasciatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	327	325	0	22	0	0	1
[87] Mabuya mabouya Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	3	326	325	0	21	0	0	1
[88] † Slavoia darevskii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	86	255	252	0	11	0	0	1
[89] † Globaura venusta Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	131	209	206	0	12	0	0	1
[90] Cordylus niger Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	4	332	332	0	13	0	0	1
[91] Broadleysaurus major Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	335	335	0	12	0	0	1
[92] Timon lepidus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	4	329	329	0	16	0	0	1
[93] Lacerta viridis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	4	326	325	0	20	0	0	1
[94] † Meyasaurus diazromerali Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	154	186	185	0	10	0	0	1
[95] † Paramacellodus oweni Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	272	77	77	0	0	0	0	1
[96] † Gobinatus arenosus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	102	237	235	0	12	0	0	1
[97] † Gilmoreteius chulsanensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	36	297	294	0	19	0	0	1
[98] Teius teyou Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	334	333	0	16	0	0	1
[99] Petracola ventrimaculatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	7	322	322	0	20	0	0	1
[100] Xantusia vigilis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	318	317	0	30	0	0	1
[101] † Tepexisaurus tepexii Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	173	167	167	0	9	0	0	1
[102] † Ardeosaurus brevipes Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	265	76	76	0	8	0	0	1
[103] † Eichstaettisaurus schroederi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	164	169	169	0	16	0	0	1
[104] † Gobekko cretacicus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	254	83	83	0	12	0	0	1
[105] Dactylocnemis pacificus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	11	304	304	0	34	0	0	1
[106] Gekko gecko Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	315	313	0	34	0	0	1
[107] Coleonyx variegatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	7	308	306	0	36	0	0	1
[108] † Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	149	183	183	0	17	0	0	1
[109] † Dalinghosaurus longidigitus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	207	131	131	0	11	0	0	1
[110] Xenosaurus grandis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	330	329	0	20	0	0	1
[111] Pseudopus apodus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	1	290	289	0	59	0	0	1
[112] Elgaria multicarinata Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	335	335	0	14	0	0	1
[113] Heloderma suspectum Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	326	325	0	22	0	0	1
[114] Lanthanotus borneensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	0	325	324	0	25	0	0	1
[115] Varanus salvator Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	4	328	327	0	18	0	0	1
[116] † Aigialosaurus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	133	198	197	0	19	0	0	1
[117] † Adriosaurus suessi Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	248	96	96	0	5	0	0	1
[118] † Pontosaurus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	126	202	200	0	23	0	0	1
[119] † Najash rionegrina Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	255	54	54	0	40	0	0	1
[120] † Dinilysia patagonica Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	64	209	209	0	76	0	0	1
[121] † Pachyrhachis problematicus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	130	151	151	0	68	0	0	1
[122] Cylindrophis ruffus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	7	238	238	0	104	0	0	1
[123] Xenopeltis unicolor Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	2	230	229	0	118	0	0	1
[124] Anilius scytale Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	7	238	238	0	104	0	0	1
[125] † Spathorhynchus fossorium Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	170	150	150	0	29	0	0	1
[126] Rhineura floridana Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	7	235	235	0	107	0	0	1
[127] Bipes biporus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	4	267	267	0	78	0	0	1
[128] Blanus cinereus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	14	232	232	0	103	0	0	1
[129] Dibamus novaeguineae Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	10	235	234	0	105	0	0	1
[130] † Becklesius cataphractus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	251	94	94	0	4	0	0	1
[131] † Neokotus sanfranciscanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/10/22	286	62	62	0	1	0	0	1

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	3
Project downloads	1
Matrix downloads	2	Data matrix from Supplemental Data 1 (2 downloads);