Project 4169: D. Cortés, E. E. Maxwell, H. C. Larsson. 2021. Re-appearance of hypercarnivore ichthyosaurs in the Cretaceous with differentiated dentition: revision of ‘Platypterygius’ sachicarum (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria, Ophthalmosauridae) from Colombia. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (14):969-1002.
Specimen: † Stenopterygius quadriscissus (USNM/V:2409)
View: fossil skeleton

Abstract

Early Cretaceous ichthyosaur diversity has markedly increased in recent years with the discovery of new taxa in the field and in museum collections. This has led to new characters, and a better understanding of taxonomically informative anatomy. Here, we re-describe the holotype of the ophthalmosaurid Platypterygius sachicarum from the Barremian–Aptian of Colombia and place these data in a phylogenetic context. The validity of the species is supported by several new characters of the narial region, mandible and dentition. The dentition is unique among ichthyosaurs in that it presents several discrete tooth morphologies that range from piercing to cutting to crushing. In combination, these cranial specializations imply a large vertebrate diet and make this taxon the first Cretaceous hypercarnivorous ichthyosaur. Differences from the type species of Platypterygius, P. platydactylus, include a suite of characters associated with differing feeding ecologies and the complex external nares. The large number of character differences and revised phylogenetic relationships are used to remove the Colombian taxon from Platypterygius and recognize it as a new genus, Kyhytysuka sachicarum comb. nov. A revised set of taxonomic definitions are proposed for Ophthalmosauria to maintain stability at this important node. Kyhytysuka sachicarum opens new questions regarding the diversity and paleobiogeography of Early Cretaceous ichthyosaurs from northern Gondwana and highlights the importance of individually assessing each ‘Platypterygius’ species and, potentially, specimen to better understand the diversity of this broadly distributed taxon.


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Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2021.1989507

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4169, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4169
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 1 Document
  • 34 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 88 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 2.71M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 1645
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 88
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 191
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:88/0
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MorphoBank Project 4169
  • Creation Date:
    13 January 2022
  • Publication Date:
    02 February 2022
  • Matrix downloads: 1

    Authors' Institutions

    • McGill University

    • Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart

    • Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

    • Centro de Investigaciones Paleontológicas, Colombia



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    341188001645
    (1635, 0, 10)
    000
    Hans CE Larsson
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Dirley Cortes
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Erin Maxwell
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28672' (34 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
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    scored
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    [1] † Temnodontosaurus sp.
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    4838301004
    [2] † Malawania anachronus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    73151500004
    [3] † Ichthyosaurus communis
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    3888401004
    [4] † Stenopterygius quadriscissus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    8807901004
    [5] † Chacaicosaurus cayi
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    55333300004
    [6] † Ophthalmosaurus icenicus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    2878501004
    [7] † Baptanodon natans
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    27616001004
    [8] † Brachypterygius extremus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    25636201004
    [9] † Maiaspondylus lindoei
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    62262600004
    [10] † Undorosaurus gorodischensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    38505000004
    [11] † Arthropterygius chrisorum
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    59292900004
    [12] † Mollesaurus periallus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    54343400004
    [13] † Acamptonectes densus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    40494800004
    [14] † Caypullisaurus bonapartei
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    38505000004
    [15] † Aegirosaurus leptospondylus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    41464601004
    [16] † Platypterygius australis
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    2878600004
    [17] † Platypterygius hercynicus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    37515100004
    [18] † Kyhytysuka sachicarum
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    38505000004
    [19] † Platypterygius platydactylus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    56323200004
    [20] † Platypterygius americanus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    44444400004
    [21] † Athabascasaurus bitumineus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    57313100004
    [22] † Leninia stellans
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    69201900004
    [23] † Sveltonectes insolitus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    19706801004
    [24] † Cryopterygius kristiansenae
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    20686701004
    [25] † Janusaurus lundi
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    36535200004
    [26] † Gengasaurus nicosiai
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    64242400004
    [27] † Muiscasaurus catheti
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    66212101004
    [28] † Simbirskiasaurus birjukovi
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    68202000004
    [29] † Palvennia hoybergeti
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    26626200004
    [30] † Arthropterygius thalassonotus
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    58303000004
    [31] † Keilhauia nui
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    64262400004
    [32] † Nannopterygius saveljevensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    30625800004
    [33] † Thalassodraco etchesi
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    31575700004
    [34] † Acuetzpalin carranzai
    Taxon name last Modified on 02/02/22
    58333000004


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project14
    Project downloads13
    Matrix downloads1Data matrix from Supplemental Data (1 download);