Project 423: G. Giribet, G. D. Edgecombe, W. C. Wheeler, C. Babbitt. 2002. Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Opiliones: A Combined Analysis of Chelicerate Relationships Using Morphological and Molecular Data. Cladistics. 18 (1):5-70.
Abstract
The ordinal level phylogeny of the Arachnida and the suprafamilial level phylogeny of the Opiliones were studied on the basis of a combined analysis of 253 morphological characters, the complete sequence of the 18S rRNA gene, and the D3 region of the 28S rRNA gene. Molecular data were collected for 63 terminal taxa. Morphological data were collected for 35 exemplar taxa of Opiliones, but groundplans were applied to some of the remaining chelicerate groups. Six extinct terminals, including Paleozoic scorpions, are scored for morphological characters. The data were analyzed using strict parsimony for the morphological data matrix and via direct optimization for the molecular and combined data matrices. A sensitivity analysis of 15 parameter sets was undertaken, and character congruence was used as the optimality criterion to choose among competing hypotheses. The results obtained are unstable for the high-level chelicerate relationships (except for Tetrapulmonata, Pedipalpi, and Camarostomata), and the sister group of the Opiliones is not clearly established, although the monophyly of Dromopoda is supported under many parameter sets. However, the internal phylogeny of the Opiliones is robust to parameter choice and allows the discarding of previous hypotheses of opilionid phylogeny such as the “Cyphopalpatores” or “Palpatores.” The topology obtained is congruent with the previous hypothesis of “Palpatores” paraphyly as follows: (Cyphophthalmi (Eupnoi (Dyspnoi + Laniatores))). Resolution within the Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, and Laniatores (the latter two united as Dyspnolaniatores nov.) is also stable to the superfamily level, permitting a new classification system for the Opiliones.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P423, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P423
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 12393 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 253 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 540 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:253/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 423
MorphoBank Project 423
- Creation Date:
17 October 2010 - Publication Date:
13 February 2011 - Project views: 37436
- Matrix downloads: 20
Authors' Institutions
- Harvard University
- American Museum of Natural History
- Australian Museum
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 60 | 0 | 1 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 12393 (10242, 0, 2151) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership ![]() | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Gonzalo Giribet Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Gonzalo Giribet Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M983' (60 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Trilobita Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 111 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[2] Palaeoisopus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 136 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[3] Pycnogonida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 71 | 109 | 109 | 0 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[4] Eurypterida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 110 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[5] Limulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 42 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[6] Carcinoscorpius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[7] Palaeophonidae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 126 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[8] Proscorpius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 122 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[9] Androctonus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[10] Belisarius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 38 | 166 | 166 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[11] Siro Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[12] Parasiro Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[13] Stylocellus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 49 | 178 | 178 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[14] StylocellusJP Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 49 | 178 | 178 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[15] Dalquestia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[16] Odiellus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 196 | 196 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[17] Phalangium Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[18] Opilio Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[19] Astrobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[20] Nelima Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[21] Leiobunum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 199 | 199 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[22] Hadrobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[23] Caddo Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[24] Ischyropsalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[25] Hesperonemastoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[26] Ceratolasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[27] Sabacon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[28] Taracus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[29] Dicranolasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[30] Centetostoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 50 | 177 | 177 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[31] Ortholasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[32] Nemastoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[33] Nipponopsalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[34] Trogulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[35] Equitius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[36] Triaenobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 183 | 183 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[37] Zuma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 183 | 183 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[38] Oncopus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[39] Gnomulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[40] Scotolemon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 192 | 192 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[41] Maiorerus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[42] Bishopella Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 192 | 192 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[43] Gnidia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 194 | 194 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[44] Pachyloides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 193 | 193 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[45] Hoplobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[46] Solifugae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 157 | 157 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[47] Palpigradi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 13 | 184 | 184 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[48] Liphistius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 3 | 206 | 206 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[49] Aphonopelma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 200 | 200 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[50] Nesticus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 7 | 198 | 198 | 0 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[51] Amblypygi Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 4 | 206 | 206 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[52] Mastigoproctus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 6 | 205 | 205 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[53] Schizomida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 9 | 198 | 198 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[54] Ricinulei Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 38 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[55] Pseudoscorpiones Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 163 | 163 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[56] Allonothrus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 57 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[57] Acarus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 150 | 150 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[58] Opilioacarus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 57 | 151 | 151 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[59] Rhipicephalus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[60] Trigonotarbida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 106 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 37436 | |
Project overview | 3506 | |
Matrix views | 2231 | Matrix landing page (1931 views); Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Opiliones: A Combined Analysis of Chelicerate Relationships Using Morphological and Molecular Data (300 views); |
Media views | 5500 | Media search (4708 views); M56336 (792 views); |
Taxon list | 20647 | |
Specimen list | 3024 | |
Bibliography | 1119 | |
Documents list | 1409 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 410 | |
Matrix downloads | 20 | Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Opiliones: A Combined Analysis of Chelicerate Relationships Using Morphological and Molecular Data (20 downloads); |
Project downloads | 389 | |
Document downloads | 1 | copyright information for exemplar media (1 download); |