Project 4318: J. R. Thompson, L. J. Cotton, Y. Candela, M. Kutscher, M. Reich, D. J. Bottjer. 2021. The Ordovician diversification of sea urchins: systematics of the Bothriocidaroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 19 (20):1395-1448.
Specimen: † Bothriocidaris eichwaldi (unvouchered)
View: whole animal

Abstract

The echinoids of the order Bothriocidaroida represent the initial burst of sea urchin diversification. They were the first echinoids to achieve widespread biogeographical dispersal and achieved high levels of species richness compared to other clades of stem group echinoids. Following long-standing controversy regarding their phylogenetic affinities within the phylum Echinodermata, bothriocidaroids are now regarded as echinoids. The species- and genus-level phylogenetic relationships of the bothriocidaroids, are, however, less clearly known. We herein compile a database of bothriocidaroid occurrences, undertake detailed phylogenetic analyses of all named species within the Bothriocidaroida, and provide updated diagnoses for all species. Our phylogenetic analysis includes species belonging to three genera: Bothriocidaris, Unibothriocidaris and Neobothriocidaris. Furthermore, we describe a new species, Neobothriocidaris pentlandensis sp. nov., from the Silurian of Scotland and Sweden, using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. This species has implications for understanding the diversity dynamics of bothriocidaroids before and after the Late Ordovician mass extinction and the palaeobiogeographical distribution of bothriocidaroids in the Silurian. Using Bayesian and parsimony-based phylogenetics, we demonstrate that Neobothriocidaris is a distinct clade, and depending upon the analytical technique, Unibothrioidaris and Bothriocidaris are also resolved as monophyletic. Unibothriocidaris appears to have become extinct in the Sandbian, while Neobothriocidaris and Bothriocidaris survived the Late Ordovician extinction events and lasted at least until the Ludlow. Furthermore, we performed statistical time-calibration of our phylogenetic trees and show that bothriocidaroids originated in the Dapingian or Darriwilian, diversifying in the Darriwilian to Sandbian and reaching peak diversity in the Sandbian and Katian. This Sandbian and Katian peak is similar to that observed in other echinoderm clades, as well as other animal groups during the Ordovician radiation, and may be linked to heightened sea level and expansive tropical shelves present in the Upper Ordovician, and to new inhabitable environments linked with Ordovician oxygenation.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2042408

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4318, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4318
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 1 Document
  • 15 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 27 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 369.18k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 322
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 27
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 64
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:27/0
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 4318

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum, Braunschweig

    • Natural History Museum, London

    • National Museums of Scotland, Royal Museum, Edinburgh

    • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen

    • University College London

    • University of Southern California

    • Naturalis Biodiversity Center

    • GeoBio-Center



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    Brooke Long-Fox
    Project Administrator
    15112700322
    (322, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28914' (15 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Bothriocidaris pahleni
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    3242400001
    [2] † Bothriocidaris parvus
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    7202000001
    [3] † Bothriocidaris eichwaldi
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    3242400001
    [4] † Bothriocidaris globulus
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    3242400001
    [5] † Bothriocidaris solemi
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    4232300001
    [6] † Bothriocidaris maquoketensis
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    6212100001
    [7] † Bothriocidaris vulcani
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    4232300001
    [8] † Bothriocidaris kolatai
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    5222200001
    [9] † Unibothriocidaris bromidensis
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    9181800001
    [10] † Unibothriocidaris kieri
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    9181800001
    [11] † Neobothriocidaris peculiaris
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    8191900001
    [12] † Neobothriocidaris minor
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    3242400001
    [13] † Neobothriocidaris templetoni
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    7202000001
    [14] † Bromidechinus rimaporus
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    3242400001
    [15] † Neobothriocidaris pentlandensis
    Last Modified in 08/20/22
    9181800001


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views3456
    Documents list270
    Project overview359
    Media views935Media search (794 views); M846717 (141 views);
    Matrix views227Matrix landing page (211 views); Matrix from Thompson et al. 2021 (16 views);
    Views for media list312
    Specimen list489
    Taxon list690
    Bibliography174




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project4
    Matrix downloads3Matrix from Thompson et al. 2021 (3 downloads);
    Project downloads1