Project 4333: P. Z. Barrett, S. S. Hopkins, S. A. Price. 2021. How many sabertooths? Reevaluating the number of carnivoran sabretooth lineages with total-evidence Bayesian techniques and a novel origin of the Miocene Nimravidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (1):null.
Abstract
Sabertooth craniodental adaptations have evolved numerous times amongst carnivorous mammals. Some of the most extreme sabertooth adaptations are found within the carnivoran subfamily Barbourofelinae. However, the evolutionary origins of this group have been uncertain for more than 170 years, with variable placement as an independent case of sabertooth acquisition, as a clade within the Nimravidae (Eocene to Oligocene ‘false sabertooth cats’), or as a member of the Machairodontinae (true sabertooth cats such as Smilodon). Here we present a novel approach to assessing the validity of three independent sabertooth clades within Carnivora. We performed a total-evidence Bayesian analysis in Beast2 across all major carnivoran families, using the fossilized birth-death (FBD) model and incorporating 223 morphological characters, nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, and stratigraphic occurrence data. Our results place barbourofelines as terminal members of the Nimravidae, sister to the Nimravini (0.91 posterior probability), a relationship not found in prior cladistic studies. Ancestral area estimation performed in the R package BioGeoBEARS best supports a primarily European paleobiogeographic center for the barbourofelines with multiple dispersal events to other continents, a finding in direct opposition to past hypotheses for this group. Furthermore, new patterns in convergence between nimravids and machairodontines were revealed via Bayesian ancestral state estimation in BayesTraits. Results support a hypothesis of cats copying nimravids, and nimravids cats in certain aspects of sabertooth morphology, and not total evolutionary independence of these features as typically envisioned.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2021.1923523
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4333, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4333
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 7945 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 223 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 506 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:223/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4333
MorphoBank Project 4333
- Creation Date:
21 July 2022 - Publication Date:
15 September 2022 - Project views: 5404
- Matrix downloads: 3
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, Eugene
- Clemson University
- University of Oregon
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Katherine Walton Project Administrator | 58 | 2 | 1 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 7945 (7945, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28882' (58 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Leptictis dakotensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 120 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Echinosorex gymnura Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 75 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Erinaceus europaeus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 24 | 199 | 199 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Miacis washakius Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 159 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Miacis sylvestris Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 143 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Procynodictis vulpiceps Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 53 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Miacis uintensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 84 | 139 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Tapocyon robustus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 61 | 162 | 162 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Quercygale angustidens Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 133 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Hesperocyon gregarius Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 33 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Otarocyon macdonaldi Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 91 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Daphoenus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 33 | 193 | 190 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Gustafsonia cognita Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 141 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Canis latrans Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 3 | 221 | 220 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] Mephitis mephitis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 7 | 216 | 216 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] Gulo gulo Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 6 | 217 | 217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] Ursus americanus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 6 | 217 | 217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] Zalophus californianus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 40 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Pteronarctos goedertae Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 126 | 98 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] Procyon lotor Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 8 | 215 | 215 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] Ailurus fulgens Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 5 | 218 | 218 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Hoplophoneus primaevus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 16 | 209 | 207 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Dinictis felina Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 23 | 202 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] Nandinia binotata Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 2 | 221 | 221 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] Hyaena hyaena Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 6 | 217 | 217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] Civettictis civetta Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 7 | 217 | 216 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] Puma concolor Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 5 | 218 | 218 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] Herpestes edwardsii Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 6 | 217 | 217 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Zodiolestes daimonelixensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 124 | 100 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Palaeoprionodon lamandini Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 146 | 77 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Stenogale julieni Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 138 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Proailurus lemanensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 133 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Herpestides antiquus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 129 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Miacis exiguus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 176 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Miacis medius Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 171 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † PM 3868 Last Modified in 07/21/22 | 207 | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Smilodon fatalis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 14 | 214 | 209 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Maofelis cantonensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 173 | 50 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Dinailurictis bonali Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 186 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Barbourofelis morrisi Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 84 | 140 | 139 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Barbourofelis fricki Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 80 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Albanosmilus whitfordi Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 113 | 110 | 110 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Sansanosmilus palmidens Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 62 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Nimravus brachyops Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 25 | 201 | 198 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Ginsburgsmilus napakensis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 188 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Prosansanosmilus eggeri Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 188 | 35 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Prosansanosmilus peregrinus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 201 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Afrosmilus africanus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 194 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Afrosmilus hispanicus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 208 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Pseudaelurus validus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 41 | 184 | 182 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] Panthera leo Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 11 | 212 | 212 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Megantereon cultridens Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 43 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Machairodus catocopis Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 34 | 190 | 189 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Dinofelis diastemata Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 59 | 165 | 164 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Paramachaerodus ogygia Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 105 | 120 | 118 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Oriensmilus liupanensis Last Modified in 07/21/22 | 142 | 82 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Nimravides pedionomus Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 81 | 142 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Metailurus major Last Modified in 08/08/22 | 145 | 78 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 5404 | |
Project overview | 328 | |
Matrix views | 251 | Matrix landing page (232 views); Sabertooth morphology S1 (19 views); |
Documents list | 230 | |
Media views | 880 | Media search (746 views); M845578 (134 views); |
Views for media list | 291 | |
Specimen list | 763 | |
Taxon list | 2484 | |
Bibliography | 177 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 10 | |
Matrix downloads | 3 | Sabertooth morphology S1 (3 downloads); |
Project downloads | 7 |