Morphobank

Project 4445: E. Cadena, A. Link, S. B. Cooke, L. K. Stroik, A. F. Vanegas, M. Tallman. 2021. New insights on the anatomy and ontogeny of the largest extinct freshwater turtles. Heliyon. 7 (12):e08591.

Specimen: Pseudemydura umbrina (unvouchered)
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Abstract

There are many questions regarding the largest freshwater turtle that ever existed, including how its morphology changed during its ontogeny and how a single ecosystem was able to support more than one group of giant turtles. Here, we report the first individual preserving an associated skull and shell for Stupendemys geographica (currently the largest known side-necked turtle) and a nearly complete skull of Caninemys tridentata found in Miocene rocks of the Tatacoa Desert in Colombia. These two specimens indicate that more than two large freshwater turtle species shared a single ecosystem during the middle Miocene in northern South America. We also show the changes in the shell and scutes that occurred along the ontogeny of S. geographica, including a flattening of the carapace, constriction of the vertebral scutes, and increase in the height and thickness of the nuchal upturn wall; some of these changes are also evident in extant representatives of Podocnemididae, and have implications for a better understanding of their phylogeny.

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Article DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08591

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4445, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4445

This project contains	Matrices
18 Media 1 Matrix 104 Taxa 18 Specimens 268 Characters Total size of project's media files: 9.51M Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 15504 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 268 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 627 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:223/45

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MorphoBank Project 4445

Creation Date:
14 October 2022
Publication Date:
14 October 2022
Project views: 9941
Matrix downloads: 1

Authors' Institutions

Grand Valley State University

Universidad de Los Andes

Johns Hopkins University

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Universidad del Rosario

Museo de Historia Natural la Tatacoa

Members

MorphoBank Curator
Project Administrator

104

268

15504
(15050, 0, 454)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29023' (104 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Proganochelys quenstedti Last Modified in 10/14/22	52	207	207	0	9	0	0	1
[2] † Platychelys oberndorferi Last Modified in 10/14/22	189	78	78	0	1	0	0	1
[3] † Notoemys laticentralis Last Modified in 10/14/22	157	110	110	0	1	0	0	1
[4] Pseudemydura umbrina Last Modified in 10/14/22	85	177	177	0	6	0	0	1
[5] Elseya dentata Last Modified in 10/14/22	20	234	234	0	14	0	0	1
[6] Emydura macquarii Last Modified in 10/14/22	23	238	238	0	7	0	0	1
[7] Myuchelys latisternum Last Modified in 10/14/22	49	212	212	0	7	0	0	1
[8] Acanthochelys radiolata Last Modified in 10/14/22	62	194	194	0	12	0	0	1
[9] Platemys platycephala Last Modified in 10/14/22	52	204	204	0	12	0	0	1
[10] Phrynops hilarii Last Modified in 10/14/22	34	226	226	0	8	0	0	1
[11] Phrynops geoffroanus Last Modified in 10/14/22	31	231	229	0	8	0	0	1
[12] Mesoclemmys nasuta Last Modified in 10/14/22	63	197	197	0	8	0	0	1
[13] Chelodina colliei Last Modified in 10/14/22	26	233	233	0	9	0	0	1
[14] † Chelus colombianus Last Modified in 10/14/22	213	56	54	0	1	0	0	1
[15] Chelus fimbriatus Last Modified in 10/14/22	7	256	252	0	9	0	0	1
[16] Hydromedusa tectifera Last Modified in 10/14/22	15	244	244	0	9	0	0	1
[17] Hydromedusa maximilliani Last Modified in 10/14/22	170	95	94	0	4	0	0	1
[18] † Bonapartemys bajobarrealis Last Modified in 10/14/22	207	61	61	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Prochelidella cerrobarcinae Last Modified in 10/14/22	208	60	60	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Yaminuechelys maior Last Modified in 10/14/22	156	108	108	0	4	0	0	1
[21] † Yaminuechelys gasparinii Last Modified in 10/14/22	162	102	102	0	4	0	0	1
[22] Pelusios castaneus Last Modified in 10/14/22	74	192	190	0	4	0	0	1
[23] Pelusios castanoides Last Modified in 10/14/22	33	228	228	0	7	0	0	1
[24] Pelomedusa subrufa Last Modified in 10/14/22	8	251	250	0	10	0	0	1
[25] † Araripemys barretoi Last Modified in 10/14/22	29	228	226	0	13	0	0	1
[26] † Laganemys tenerensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	74	188	188	0	6	0	0	1
[27] † Euraxemys essweini Last Modified in 10/14/22	59	204	204	0	5	0	0	1
[28] † Dirqadim schaefferi Last Modified in 10/14/22	153	112	112	0	3	0	0	1
[29] † Sokatra antitra Last Modified in 10/14/22	154	109	95	0	5	0	0	1
[30] † Sahonachelys mailakavava Last Modified in 10/14/22	20	237	234	0	14	0	0	1
[31] † Kurmademys kallamedensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	67	193	176	0	8	0	0	1
[32] † Sankuchemys sethnai Last Modified in 10/14/22	186	79	51	0	3	0	0	1
[33] † Jainemys pisdurensis (composite) Last Modified in 10/14/22	174	95	93	0	1	0	0	1
[34] † Atolchelys lepida Last Modified in 10/14/22	197	69	69	0	2	0	0	1
[35] † Cearachelys placidoi Last Modified in 10/14/22	61	206	204	0	3	0	0	1
[36] † Galianemys emringeri Last Modified in 10/14/22	144	121	120	0	4	0	0	1
[37] † Galianemys whitei Last Modified in 10/14/22	145	120	119	0	4	0	0	1
[38] † Kinkonychelys rogersi Last Modified in 10/14/22	178	86	74	0	4	0	0	1
[39] † Foxemys mechinorum Last Modified in 10/14/22	69	197	195	0	4	0	0	1
[40] † Foxemys trabanti Last Modified in 10/14/22	135	134	133	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Polysternon provinciale Last Modified in 10/14/22	133	133	132	0	3	0	0	1
[42] † Araiochelys hirayamen Last Modified in 10/14/22	119	147	147	0	2	0	0	1
[43] † Zolhafah bella Last Modified in 10/14/22	180	86	86	0	2	0	0	1
[44] † Rosasia soutoi Last Modified in 10/14/22	145	120	120	0	3	0	0	1
[45] † Bothremys maghrebiana Last Modified in 10/14/22	117	151	149	0	2	0	0	1
[46] † Bothremys cooki Last Modified in 10/14/22	158	108	108	0	2	0	0	1
[47] † Bothremys arabicus Last Modified in 10/14/22	200	66	66	0	2	0	0	1
[48] † Bothremys kellyi Last Modified in 10/14/22	168	98	98	0	2	0	0	1
[49] † Chedighaii hutchisoni Last Modified in 10/14/22	177	89	89	0	2	0	0	1
[50] † Chedighaii barberi Last Modified in 10/14/22	122	145	145	0	1	0	0	1
[51] † Taphrosphys sulcatus Last Modified in 10/14/22	137	132	131	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Taphrosphys ippolitoi Last Modified in 10/14/22	159	109	109	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Taphrosphys congolensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	190	78	78	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Acleistochelys maliensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	148	117	117	0	3	0	0	1
[55] † Azabbaremys moragjonesi Last Modified in 10/14/22	161	104	104	0	3	0	0	1
[56] † Labrostochelys galkini Last Modified in 10/14/22	161	107	107	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Phosphatochelys tedfordi Last Modified in 10/14/22	146	122	121	0	1	0	0	1
[58] † Ummulisani rutgersensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	145	123	122	0	1	0	0	1
[59] † Rhothonemys brinkmani Last Modified in 10/14/22	213	55	55	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Arenila krebsi Last Modified in 10/14/22	182	84	84	0	2	0	0	1
[61] † Nigeremys gigantea Last Modified in 10/14/22	181	84	84	0	3	0	0	1
[62] † Brasilemys josai Last Modified in 10/14/22	125	140	140	0	3	0	0	1
[63] † Hamadachelys escuilliei Last Modified in 10/14/22	120	146	146	0	2	0	0	1
[64] † Portezueloemys patagonica Last Modified in 10/14/22	188	79	79	0	1	0	0	1
[65] † Bauruemys elegans Last Modified in 10/14/22	25	242	240	0	3	0	0	1
[66] † Cambaremys langertoni Last Modified in 10/14/22	219	49	49	0	0	0	0	1
[67] † Peiropemys mezzalirai Last Modified in 10/14/22	142	125	125	0	1	0	0	1
[68] † Lapparentemys vilavilensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	46	220	220	0	2	0	0	1
[69] † Pricemys caiera Last Modified in 10/14/22	196	71	71	0	1	0	0	1
[70] Podocnemis vogli Last Modified in 10/14/22	44	222	220	0	4	0	0	1
[71] Podocnemis lewyana Last Modified in 10/14/22	58	206	203	0	7	0	0	1
[72] Podocnemis unifilis Last Modified in 10/14/22	5	264	257	0	6	0	0	1
[73] Podocnemis erythrocephala Last Modified in 10/14/22	26	239	238	0	4	0	0	1
[74] Podocnemis expansa Last Modified in 10/14/22	14	255	251	0	3	0	0	1
[75] Podocnemis sextuberculata Last Modified in 10/14/22	23	243	239	0	6	0	0	1
[76] † Podocnemis bassleri Last Modified in 10/14/22	152	114	114	0	2	0	0	1
[77] Peltocephalus dumerilianus Last Modified in 10/14/22	24	242	237	0	7	0	0	1
[78] Erymnochelys madagascariensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	28	238	233	0	7	0	0	1
[79] † Cerrejonemys wayuunaiki Last Modified in 10/14/22	148	114	114	0	6	0	0	1
[80] † Dacquemys paleomorpha Last Modified in 10/14/22	142	118	118	0	8	0	0	1
[81] † UCMP 42008 Last Modified in 10/14/22	198	68	68	0	2	0	0	1
[82] † Carbonemys cofrinii Last Modified in 10/14/22	179	85	85	0	4	0	0	1
[83] † Kenyemys williamsi Last Modified in 10/14/22	210	58	58	0	0	0	0	1
[84] † Turkanemys pattersoni Last Modified in 10/14/22	76	185	185	0	7	0	0	1
[85] † Neochelys fajumensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	72	192	189	0	7	0	0	1
[86] † Neochelys arenarum Last Modified in 10/14/22	102	159	158	0	8	0	0	1
[87] † Neochelys franzeni Last Modified in 10/14/22	102	166	162	0	4	0	0	1
[88] † Papoulemys laurenti Last Modified in 10/14/22	79	182	182	0	7	0	0	1
[89] † Mogharemys blackenhorni Last Modified in 10/14/22	187	79	79	0	2	0	0	1
[90] † Brontochelys gaffneyi Last Modified in 10/14/22	193	70	70	0	5	0	0	1
[91] † Lemurchelys diasphax Last Modified in 10/14/22	167	95	95	0	6	0	0	1
[92] † Shweboemys pilgrimi Last Modified in 10/14/22	183	79	79	0	6	0	0	1
[93] † Stereogenys cromeri Last Modified in 10/14/22	129	133	132	0	7	0	0	1
[94] † Cordichelys antiqua Last Modified in 10/14/22	75	186	186	0	7	0	0	1
[95] † Latentemys plowdeni Last Modified in 10/14/22	160	103	103	0	5	0	0	1
[96] † Bairdemys thalassica Last Modified in 10/14/22	165	102	102	0	1	0	0	1
[97] † Bairdemys healeyorum Last Modified in 10/14/22	182	83	83	0	3	0	0	1
[98] † Bairdemys venezuelensis Last Modified in 10/14/22	72	184	184	0	12	0	0	1
[99] † Bairdemys hartsteini Last Modified in 10/14/22	137	126	126	0	5	0	0	1
[100] † Bairdemys sanchezi Last Modified in 10/14/22	137	127	127	0	4	0	0	1
[101] † Bairdemys winklerae Last Modified in 10/14/22	175	90	90	0	3	0	0	1
[102] † Piramys auffenbergi Last Modified in 10/14/22	222	46	46	0	0	0	0	1
[103] † Caninemys tridentata Last Modified in 10/14/22	141	126	126	0	1	0	0	1
[104] † Stupendemys geographica Last Modified in 10/14/22	103	169	157	0	8	0	0	1

Project views

type	number of views	Individual items viewed (where applicable)
Total project views	9941
Project overview	338
Media views	3245	Media search (765 views); M847911 (156 views); M847912 (137 views); M847913 (138 views); M847914 (140 views); M847915 (141 views); M847916 (137 views); M847917 (129 views); M847918 (139 views); M847919 (143 views); M847920 (137 views); M847921 (139 views); M847922 (133 views); M847923 (136 views); M847924 (138 views); M847925 (132 views); M847926 (137 views); M847927 (137 views); M847928 (131 views);
Matrix views	249	Matrix landing page (226 views); S1 dataset (23 views);
Bibliography	186
Views for media list	284
Specimen list	2801
Taxon list	2831
Documents list	7

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	3
Project downloads	2
Matrix downloads	1	S1 dataset (1 download);