Project 4459: N. W. Post, C. C. Gilbert, K. D. Pugh, C. S. Mongle. 2023. Implications of outgroup selection in the phylogenetic inference of hominoids and fossil hominins. Journal of Human Evolution. 184:103437.
Abstract
Understanding the phylogenetic relationships among hominins and other hominoid species is critical to the study of human origins. However, phylogenetic inferences are dependent on both the character data and taxon sampling used. Previous studies of hominin phylogenetics have used Papio and Colobus as outgroups in their analyses; however, these extant monkeys possess many derived traits that may confound the polarities of morphological changes among living apes and hominins. Here, we consider Victoriapithecus and Ekembo as more suitable outgroups. Both Victoriapithecus and Ekembo are anatomically well known and are widely accepted as morphologically primitive stem cercopithecoid and hominoid taxa, respectively, making them more appropriate for inferring polarity for later-occurring hominoid- and hominin-focused analyses. Craniodental characters for both taxa were scored and then added to a previously published matrix of fossil hominin and extant hominoid taxa, replacing outgroups Papio and Colobus over a series of iterative analyses using both parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. Neither the addition nor replacement of outgroup taxa changed tree topology in any analysis. Importantly, however, bootstrap support values and posterior probabilities for nodes supporting their relationships generally increased compared to previous analyses. These increases were the highest at extant hominoid and basal hominin nodes, recovering the molecular ape phylogeny with considerably higher support and strengthening the inferred relationships among basal hominins. Interestingly, however, the inclusion of both extant and fossil outgroups reduced support for the crown hominid node. Our findings suggest that, in addition to improving character polarity estimation, including fossil outgroups generally strengthens confidence in relationships among extant hominoid and basal hominins.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103437
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4459, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4459
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1888 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 107 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 319 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:12/95 |
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MorphoBank Project 4459
MorphoBank Project 4459
- Creation Date:
29 October 2022 - Publication Date:
02 October 2023 - Matrix downloads: 15
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- American Museum of Natural History (AMNH)
- Brooklyn College - CUNY
- Hunter College - CUNY
- Stony Brook University
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Nicholas Post Project Administrator | 22 | 1 | 1 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 1888 (1888, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Carrie Mongle Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29042' (22 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Victoriapithecus Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 13 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] Colobus Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 2 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] Papio Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 2 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Ekembo Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 52 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] Hylobates Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 1 | 106 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] Pongo pygmaeus Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 0 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] Gorilla gorilla Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 0 | 107 | 99 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] Pan troglodytes Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 0 | 107 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Sahelanthropus tchadensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 58 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Ardipithecus ramidus Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 24 | 83 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Australopithecus anamensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 75 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Australopithecus afarensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 4 | 103 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Kenyanthropus platyops Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 79 | 28 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Australopithecus garhi Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 78 | 29 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Australopithecus africanus Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 0 | 107 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Paranthropus aethiopicus Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 27 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Paranthropus robustus Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 5 | 102 | 102 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Paranthropus boisei Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 2 | 105 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Homo habilis Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 6 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Homo rudolfensis Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 30 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Homo ergaster Taxon name last Modified on 10/02/23 | 9 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] Homo sapiens Taxon name last Modified on 10/29/22 | 0 | 107 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 16 | |
Matrix downloads | 15 | Implications of outgroup selection in reconstructing hominin phylogeny (15 downloads); |
Project downloads | 1 |