Project 4532: N. Bekkouche, L. Gąsiorowski. 2022. Careful amendment of morphological data sets improves phylogenetic frameworks: re-evaluating placement of the fossil Amiskwia sagittiformis. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 20 (1):1-14.
Specimen: † Wiwaxia (ROM:61151)
View: body

Abstract

The Cambrian fossil Amiskwia sagittiformis has puzzled palaeontologists for more than a century, but recent re-investigation of its morphology suggested a close relationship with the bilaterian clade Gnathifera, comprising Rotifera, Gnathostomulida and Micrognathozoa. Since Amiskwia has already been considered closely related to Chaetognatha, this new interpretation of its morphology supports recent molecular and developmental studies finding a close phylogenetic relationship between Chaetognatha and Gnathifera. The recent re-description of the jaw apparatus of Amiskwia with the first phylogenetic analysis by Vinther & Parry (2019) found a rather surprising topology with Amiskwia and Chaetognatha being sister groups and nested inside Gnathifera. Furthermore, a subsequent paper from Caron & Cheung (2019) re-described the jaws of Amiskwia as very similar to the configuration found in Gnathostomulida, but did not include any phylogenetic analysis. Here we test the topology of Vinther & Parry with various parsimony and Bayesian analyses, taking into account the new description of Caron & Cheung with careful re-amendment of the matrix of Vinther & Parry. According to our results and the recent findings on the molecular phylogeny of their extant members, we suggest a new systematization of these taxa. We recovered Amiskwia as a stem-group chaetognath within a clade Cucullophora nov., rejecting the Caron & Cheung hypothesis of its close affinity to Gnathostomulida, and found a more consensual topology with monophyletic Gnathifera sister group to Cucullophora, all together forming the clade Chaetognathifera. Furthermore, Rotifera + Micrognathozoa form a clade named Gynognathifera nov. We discuss the characters supporting each clade and the reasons that account for the topology found by Vinther & Parry. Finally, we hope that this carefully amended matrix focused on Gnathifera, Amiskwia and Chaetognatha, together with a formal classification and robust phylogeny, will be of use for future studies on the palaeontology and morphology of these clades.


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Article DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2022.2109217

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4532, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4532
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 6 Matrices
  • 2 Documents
  • 33 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 140 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 1.47M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 14928
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 570
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 295
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:570/0
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 4532
  • Creation Date:
    20 January 2023
  • Publication Date:
    20 January 2023
  • Matrix downloads: 6

    Authors' Institutions

    • Sorbonne Université

    • Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    33115700014928
    (12598, 0, 2330)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29114' (33 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    25757015001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16160013001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    55858011001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06464010001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1747201001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    46252503001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    45262603001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    362828010001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95252013001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    05858016001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95050015001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9585708001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    13545407001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    50232301001
    [16] † Amiskwia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    48262600001
    [17] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [18] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [19] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6626206001
    [20] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    57161601001
    [21] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    63101001001
    [22] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    56171701001
    [23] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [24] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [25] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16161012001
    [26] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06363011001
    [27] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [28] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    85252014001
    [29] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [30] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [31] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [32] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105252012001
    [33] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29115' (33 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    25656014001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16059012001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    55757010001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0636309001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95252011001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1737100001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    46242402001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    45252502001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    36272709001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95151012001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    05757015001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    94949014001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9575607001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    13535306001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    50222200001
    [16] † Amiskwia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    48242400001
    [17] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0666606001
    [18] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0666606001
    [19] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6606006001
    [20] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    55161601001
    [21] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    61101001001
    [22] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    54171701001
    [23] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3646405001
    [24] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3646405001
    [25] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16060011001
    [26] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262010001
    [27] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06161011001
    [28] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    85151013001
    [29] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75050015001
    [30] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75050015001
    [31] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06161011001
    [32] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105151011001
    [33] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95252011001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29116' (32 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    25757015001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16160013001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    55858011001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06464010001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1747201001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    46252503001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    45262603001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    362828010001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95252013001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    05858016001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95050015001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9585708001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    13545407001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    50232301001
    [16] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [17] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [18] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6626206001
    [19] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    57161601001
    [20] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    63101001001
    [21] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    56171701001
    [22] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [23] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [24] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16161012001
    [25] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06363011001
    [26] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [27] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    85252014001
    [28] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [29] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [30] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [31] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105252012001
    [32] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29117' (33 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    2110110026001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1117115022001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    5110110023001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0120120018001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9106106023001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    113212908001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    91393908001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    93373708001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    804343015001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10104104024001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1109109028001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10101101027001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9109108021001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    239696019001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    97323209001
    [16] † Amiskwia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    93373708001
    [17] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0123123015001
    [18] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0125125013001
    [19] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6119119013001
    [20] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    109232306001
    [21] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    122141402001
    [22] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    107242407001
    [23] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3116116019001
    [24] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3116116019001
    [25] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    2113113023001
    [26] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0117117021001
    [27] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0117116022001
    [28] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    8106106024001
    [29] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    7102102029001
    [30] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    7102102029001
    [31] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0113113025001
    [32] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10103103025001
    [33] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9104104025001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29118' (33 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    25757015001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16160013001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    55858011001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06464010001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1747201001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    46252503001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    45262603001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    37282809001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105252012001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    15858015001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105050014001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9585708001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    13545407001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    50232301001
    [16] † Amiskwia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    48262600001
    [17] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [18] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0686806001
    [19] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6626206001
    [20] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    57161601001
    [21] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    63101001001
    [22] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    56171701001
    [23] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [24] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3656506001
    [25] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    16161012001
    [26] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06363011001
    [27] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [28] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    85252014001
    [29] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [30] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    75151016001
    [31] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    06262012001
    [32] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    105252012001
    [33] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    95353012001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29119' (33 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] Bryozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    2110110026001
    [2] Brachiopoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1117115022001
    [3] Phoronida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    5110110023001
    [4] Annelida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0120120018001
    [5] Sipuncula
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9106106023001
    [6] Mollusca
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    113212908001
    [7] † Wiwaxia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    91393908001
    [8] † Odontogriphus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    93373708001
    [9] † Canadia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    804343015001
    [10] Entoprocta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10104104024001
    [11] Platyhelminthes
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    1109109028001
    [12] Gastrotricha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10101101027001
    [13] Gnathostumulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9109108021001
    [14] Micrognathozoa
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    239696019001
    [15] † Inquicus fellatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    97323209001
    [16] † Amiskwia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    93373708001
    [17] Flacisaggita
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0123123015001
    [18] Spadella
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0125125013001
    [19] Eukrohnia
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    6119119013001
    [20] † Protosagitta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    109232306001
    [21] † Ankalodous
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    122141402001
    [22] † Capinatator
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    107242407001
    [23] Adineta
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3116116019001
    [24] † Branchionus
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    3116116019001
    [25] Nemertea
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    2113113023001
    [26] Onychophora
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0117117021001
    [27] Arthropoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0117116022001
    [28] Tardigrada
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    8106106024001
    [29] Nematoda
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    7102102029001
    [30] Nematomorpha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    7102102029001
    [31] Priapulida
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    0113113025001
    [32] Kinorhyncha
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    10103103025001
    [33] Loricifera
    Taxon name last Modified on 01/20/23
    9104104025001


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project7
    Project downloads1
    Matrix downloads6sm7151 (1 download); sm7153 (1 download); sm7154 (1 download); sm7155 (1 download); sm7157 (1 download); sm7158 (1 download);