Project 4624: D. M. Casali, A. Boscaini, T. J. Gaudin, F. A. Perini, M. Silcox. 2023. Morphological disparity and evolutionary rates of cranial and postcranial characters in sloths (Mammalia, Pilosa, Folivora). Palaeontology. 66 (1):e12639.
Abstract
Sloth morphological evolution has been widely studied qualitatively, with comparative anatomy and morpho-functional approaches, or through quantitative assessments of morphological variation using morphometrics. Only recently, however, have folivoran morphological disparity and evolutionary rates begun to be evaluated using discrete character data. Nonetheless, patterns of morphological evolution in separate character partitions have not been investigated, neither the relative influence of, on the one hand, phylogeny, and on the other, dietary and locomotory adaptations of sloths. Here we evaluate those patterns using a phylomorphospace approach, quantifying morphological disparity and evolutionary rates, and investigating possible drivers of morphological evolution for cranial and postcranial characters in Folivora. The evolution of the morphology in those partitions is associated with distinct patterns of disparity among clades and ecological groups, even though the two partitions do not differ substantially in overall evolutionary tempo. Historical processes shaped the morphological evolution of sloths more consistently than ecological ones, although changes in postcranial characters also seem to be associated with locomotory adaptations, in which morphological convergences were much more common. We also discuss important methodological trade-offs in investigations of partitioned datasets mostly composed of fossil taxa.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/pala.12639
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4624, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4624
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 24918 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 510 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1198 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:510/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4624
MorphoBank Project 4624
- Creation Date:
07 April 2023 - Publication Date:
07 April 2023 - Project views: 3712
- Matrix downloads: 4
Authors' Institutions
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- University of Tennessee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
- Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP, University of Sao Paulo)
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 76 | 1 | 1 | 510 | 0 | 0 | 24918 (23865, 0, 1053) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Daniel Casali Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Timothy Gaudin Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Fernando Perini | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29233' (76 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Dasypus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 95 | 397 | 382 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[2] † Euphractus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 68 | 422 | 410 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[3] Cyclopes Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 55 | 387 | 364 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[4] † Palaeomyrmidon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 356 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[5] † Protamandua Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 277 | 174 | 174 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[6] Tamandua Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 8 | 438 | 408 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[7] Myrmecophaga Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 11 | 419 | 405 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[8] † Neotamandua Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 231 | 197 | 194 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[9] † Pseudoglyptodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 460 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[10] Bradypus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 34 | 492 | 448 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[11] † Schismotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 94 | 434 | 411 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[12] † Pelecyodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 147 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[13] † Hapalops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 20 | 548 | 485 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[14] † Analcimorphus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 215 | 304 | 291 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[15] † "Xyophorus" Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 395 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[16] † Mionothropus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 116 | 389 | 389 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[17] † Pronothrotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 148 | 359 | 358 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[18] † Nothrotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 12 | 486 | 477 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[19] † Nothrotheriops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 10 | 493 | 480 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[20] † Planops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 144 | 365 | 362 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[21] † Prepoplanops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 205 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[22] † Prepotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 376 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[23] † Megathericulus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 280 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[24] † Diabolotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 220 | 287 | 286 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[25] † Aymaratherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 426 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[26] Thalassocnus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 51 | 465 | 433 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[27] † Anisodontherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 407 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[28] † Pyramiodontherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 258 | 250 | 242 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[29] † Megatheriops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 263 | 239 | 239 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[30] † Proeremotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 371 | 142 | 138 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[31] † Eremotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 15 | 498 | 477 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[32] † Megatherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 30 | 493 | 465 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[33] † Hyperleptus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 296 | 213 | 210 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[34] † Megalonychotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 359 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[35] † Eucholoeops Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 98 | 442 | 406 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[36] Choloepus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 33 | 494 | 458 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[37] † Acratocnus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 74 | 459 | 431 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[38] † Neocnus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 106 | 444 | 398 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[39] † Parocnus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 114 | 412 | 394 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[40] † Megalocnus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 99 | 421 | 408 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[41] † Pliomorphus Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 280 | 234 | 227 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[42] † Pliometanastes Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 236 | 271 | 268 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[43] † Megalonyx Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 17 | 525 | 485 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[44] † Australonyx Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 183 | 329 | 324 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[45] † Ahytherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 127 | 379 | 379 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[46] † Megistonyx Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 388 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[47] † Nohochichak Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 370 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[48] † Xybalbaonyx Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 172 | 350 | 334 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[49] † Octomylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 367 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[50] † Octodontotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 243 | 264 | 263 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[51] † Paroctodontotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 415 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[52] † Nematherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 141 | 377 | 360 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[53] † Analcitherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 325 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[54] † Neonematherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 388 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[55] † Sibyllotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 391 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[56] † Valgipes Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 73 | 445 | 429 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[57] † Proscelidodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 100 | 420 | 403 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[58] † Catonyx Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 19 | 523 | 484 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[59] † Scelidotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 11 | 534 | 490 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[60] † Pseudoprepotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 155 | 352 | 350 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[61] † Urumacotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 340 | 166 | 166 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[62] † Brievabradys Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 413 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[63] † Thinobadistes Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 100 | 405 | 397 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[64] † Lestobradys Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 428 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[65] † Bolivartherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 377 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[66] † Lestodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 52 | 469 | 445 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[67] † Pleurolestodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 279 | 225 | 223 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[68] † Simomylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 66 | 448 | 432 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[69] † Glossotheridium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 217 | 287 | 283 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[70] † Ocnotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 149 | 352 | 352 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[71] † Glossotherium Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 7 | 524 | 488 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[72] † Paramylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 5 | 522 | 489 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[73] † Oreomylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 142 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[74] † Archaeomylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 377 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[75] † Mylodon Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 83 | 433 | 410 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[76] † Mylodonopsis Last Modified in 04/07/23 | 353 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3712 | |
Project overview | 265 | |
Matrix views | 164 | Matrix landing page (155 views); Matrix (9 views); |
Media views | 782 | Media search (683 views); M861356 (99 views); |
Views for media list | 227 | |
Specimen list | 359 | |
Bibliography | 130 | |
Taxon list | 1782 | |
Documents list | 3 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 5 | |
Matrix downloads | 4 | Matrix (4 downloads); |
Project downloads | 1 |