Project 4634: B. J. Shockey, E. White, F. Anaya, A. McGrath. 2022. A new proterotheriid (Mammalia, Litopterna) from the Salla Beds of Bolivia (upper Oligocene): phylogeny and litoptern patellar pit knee locks. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42 (2):1-15.
Abstract
The Salla Beds of Bolivia reveal a rich, late Oligocene (Deseadan, South American Land Mammal “Age”) fauna composed of at least 50 mammalian species. Many taxa (e.g., rodents and typotherian notoungulates) are represented by dozens to hundreds of specimens. Litopterns are much less common but are represented by one macraucheniid and two adianthid species. Until now, only fragmentary postcrania of proterotheriids have been described from Salla. The recent discovery of a maxillary fragment with two molars, examination of previously recovered mandibular fragments, and a phylogenetic analysis, allow us to recognize Promylophis cifellii gen. et sp. nov. It is characterized by small size, absence of a metaconule on M1–2, and lower molars with a short “paracristid” and reduced or absent “paraconid.” Postcranial elements referred to cf. P. cifellii resemble geologically younger (e.g., Miocene) proterotheriids by way of anatomically tridactyl, but functionally monodactyl pes, and distal femora with a supra-trochlear fossa that forms a “patellar pit” that appears to function as a passive stay apparatus for the knee joint. Such a mechanical means of diverting forces from muscle to bone and sinew could save biologically significant amounts of metabolic energy in long-standing animals.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2022.2162409
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4634, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4634
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 2536 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 92 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 215 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:92/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4634
MorphoBank Project 4634
- Creation Date:
11 April 2023 - Publication Date:
25 April 2023 - Project views: 3374
- Matrix downloads: 4
Authors' Institutions
- University of California Santa Barbara
- Universidad Autónoma Tomás Frías
- Manhattan College
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Bruce Shockey Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29260' (41 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Didolodus multicuspis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 16 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Adiantoides leali Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 34 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 32 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Anisolambda Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 39 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Protheosodon coniferus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 22 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Lambdaconus suinus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 30 | 64 | 60 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Lambdaconus lacerum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 22 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Prolicaphrium specillatum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 6 | 83 | 80 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Mesolicaphrium sanalfonensis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 27 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Paramacrauchenia scamnata Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 30 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Tetramerorhinus lucarius Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 0 | 89 | 84 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Tetramerorhinus cingulatum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 1 | 88 | 83 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Tetramerorhinus mixtum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 4 | 84 | 81 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Tetramerorhinus prosistens Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 21 | 70 | 69 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Thoatherium minusculum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 0 | 87 | 84 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Diadiaphorus majusculus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 4 | 88 | 84 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Anisolophus australis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 3 | 84 | 82 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Anisolophus floweri Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 11 | 79 | 78 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Anisolophus minusculus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 32 | 59 | 57 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Picturotherium migueli Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 36 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Villarroelia totoyoi Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 24 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Brachytherium cuspidatum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 21 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Neobrachytherium ameghinoi Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 50 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Neobrachytherium intermedium Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 13 | 78 | 76 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Neobrachytherium morenoi Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 49 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Neobrachytherium ullumense Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 49 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Thoatheriopsis mendocensis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 58 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Proterotherium cervioides Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 67 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Epitherium laternarium Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 28 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Diplasiotherium robustum Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 64 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Eoauchenia primitiva Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 51 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Neolicaphrium recens Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 24 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Megadolodus molariformis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 27 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Neodolodus colombianus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 22 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Diplasiotherium pampa Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 64 | 27 | 27 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Paranisolambda prodromus Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 56 | 36 | 35 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Olisanophus riorosarioensis Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 37 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Olisanophus akilachuta Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 51 | 41 | 40 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Tetramerorhinus fleaglei Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 30 | 63 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Promylophis cifelii Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 60 | 31 | 31 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Uruguayodon alius Last Modified in 04/25/23 | 64 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3374 | |
Project overview | 294 | |
Media views | 690 | Media search (581 views); M861904 (109 views); |
Documents list | 186 | |
Matrix views | 178 | Matrix landing page (168 views); combined data matrix (10 views); |
Specimen list | 361 | |
Bibliography | 140 | |
Views for media list | 226 | |
Taxon list | 1299 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 7 | |
Document downloads | 2 | Data matrix in NEXUS form, combined characters, original file (2 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 4 | combined data matrix (4 downloads); |
Project downloads | 1 |