Project 4661: R. V. Pêgas, X. Zhou, X. Jin, K. Wang, W. Ma. 2023. A taxonomic revision of the Sinopterus complex (Pterosauria, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota, with the new genus Huaxiadraco. PeerJ. 11:e14829.
Specimen: † Tropeognathus mesembrinus (unvouchered)
View: skull

Abstract

Tapejarids are edentulous pterosaurs particularly abundant in the Chinese Jiufotang Formation, counting with over 10 described specimens and dozens of undescribed ones. A total of seven nominal tapejarid species (within two genera) have been proposed, though it is disputed how many of those are valid instead of sexual or ontogenetic morphs of fewer, or a single, species. However, detailed revisions of the matter are still lacking. In the present work, we provide a specimen-level survey of anatomical variation in previously described Jiufotang tapejarid specimens, as well as of six new ones. We present qualitative and morphometric comparisons, aiming to provide a basis for a taxonomic reappraisal of the complex. Our results lead us to interpret two Jiufotang tapejarid species as valid: Sinopterus dongi and Huaxiadraco corollatus (gen. et comb. nov.). Our primary taxonomic decisions did not rely around cranial crest features, which have typically been regarded as diagnostic for most of these proposed species albeit ever-growing evidence that these structures are highly variable in pterosaurs, due to ontogeny and sexual dimorphism. However, a reassessment of premaxillary crest variation in the Sinopterus complex reveals that while much of the observed variation (crest presence and size) can easily be attributed to intraspecific (ontogenetic and sexual) variation, some of it (crest shape) does seem to represent interspecific variation indeed. A phylogenetic analysis including the species regarded as valid was also performed.



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Article DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14829

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4661, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4661
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 2 Documents
  • 101 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 230 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 116.07k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 9689
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 230
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 579
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:230/0
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MorphoBank Project 4661

    Authors' Institutions

    • Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou

    • National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

    • Hokkaido University

    • Universidade Federal do ABC

    • China University of Geosciences

    • Beipiao Pterosaur Museum of China



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    10111230009689
    (7887, 0, 1802)
    000
    Xuanyu Zhou
    Full membership
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    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29267' (101 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
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    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    member
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    [1] † Ornithosuchus woodwardi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    21174174035002
    [2] † Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    18176176036002
    [3] † Scleromochlus taylori
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    97104104029002
    [4] † Anurognathus ammoni
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    50144144036002
    [5] † Rhamphorhynchus muensteri
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    17182182031002
    [6] † Darwinopterus linglongtaensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    66142142022002
    [7] † Darwinopterus robustodens
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    76132132022002
    [8] † Kunpengopterus sinensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    58144144028002
    [9] † Pterodactylus antiquus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    44159159027002
    [10] † Pteranodon longiceps
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    16159159055002
    [11] † Pteranodon sternbergi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    54122122054002
    [12] † Tethydraco regalis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    216121202002
    [13] † Nyctosaurus gracilis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    33143143054002
    [14] † Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1286161041002
    [15] † Ikrandraco avatar
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    79131131020002
    [16] † Lonchodraco giganteus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1694949012002
    [17] † Haopterus gracilis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1337975018002
    [18] † Hongshanopterus lacustris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1546060016002
    [19] † Nurhachius ignaciobritoi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    70139139021002
    [20] † Nurhachius luei
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1189797015002
    [21] † Liaoxipterus brachyognathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    198323200002
    [22] † Istiodactylus latidens
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    74133133023002
    [23] † Istiodactylus sinensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    89118118023002
    [24] † Zhenyuanopterus longirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    87130130013002
    [25] † Boreopterus giganticus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1377777016002
    [26] † Boreopterus cuiae
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1476969014002
    [27] † Ornithocheirus simus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    186383806002
    [28] † Targaryendraco wiedenrothi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    192363602002
    [29] † Aussiedraco molnari
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    207212102002
    [30] † Barbosania gracilirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    107103103020002
    [31] † Camposipterus nasutus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    182393909002
    [32] † Cimoliopterus cuvieri
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    180474703002
    [33] † Cimoliopterus dunni
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    191373702002
    [34] † Aetodactylus halli
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    185373708002
    [35] † Hamipterus tianshanensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    49170170011002
    [36] † Iberodactylus andreui
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    176515103002
    [37] † Tropeognathus mesembrinus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    5417017006002
    [38] † Siroccopteryx moroccensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    172555503002
    [39] † Ferrodraco lentoni
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    155737302002
    [40] † Mythunga camara
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    212181800002
    [41] † Aerodraco sedgwickii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    189414100002
    [42] † Coloborhynchus clavirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    181464603002
    [43] † Uktenadactylus wadleighi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    181464603002
    [44] † Uktenadactylus rodriguesae
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    209212100002
    [45] † Nicorhynchus capito
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    201292900002
    [46] † Nicorhynchus fluviferox
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    206242400002
    [47] † Anhanguera spielbergi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    5816716705002
    [48] † Anhanguera blittersdorffi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    9712912904002
    [49] † Anhanguera piscator
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    4018418406002
    [50] † Liaoningopterus gui
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    142868602002
    [51] † Cearadactylus atrox
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    11011411406002
    [52] † Maaradactylus kellneri
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    136919103002
    [53] † Ludodactylus sibbicki
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    10811711705002
    [54] † Guidraco venator
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    12410010006002
    [55] † Caulkicephalus trimicrodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    170575703002
    [56] † Dsungaripterus weii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    38170170022002
    [57] † Noripterus parvus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    86123123021002
    [58] † Keresdrakon vilsoni
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    998888043002
    [59] † Tupuxuara longicristatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1712323036002
    [60] † Tupuxuara leonardii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    28159159043002
    [61] † Kariridraco dianae
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1366262032002
    [62] † Thalassodromeus sethi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    82106106042002
    [63] † Thalassodromeus oberlii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1781818034002
    [64] † Caupedactylus ybaka
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    66119119045002
    [65] † Aymberedactylus cearensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1633434033002
    [66] † Tupandactylus imperator
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1227474034002
    [67] † Tupandactylus navigans
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    71110110049002
    [68] † Caiuajara dobruski
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    61130130039002
    [69] † Europejara olcadesorum
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1603636034002
    [70] † Tapejara wellnhoferi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    29162162039002
    [71] † Afrotapejara zouhri
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    2011717012002
    [72] † Bakonydraco galaczi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1633535032002
    [73] † Wightia declivirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    210161604002
    [74] † Eopteranodon lii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1326565033002
    [75] † Sinopterus dongi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    62130130038002
    [76] † Huaxiadraco corollatus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    86109109035002
    [77] † M 4895
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    216141400002
    [78] † Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    949090046002
    [79] † Lacusovagus magnificens
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1731616041002
    [80] † Chaoyangopterus zhangi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1128181037002
    [81] † Jidapterus edentus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1038888039002
    [82] † Xericeps curvirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    216131301002
    [83] † Leptostomia begaaensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    215141401002
    [84] † Alanqa saharica
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    215141401002
    [85] † Argentinadraco barrealensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    217131300002
    [86] † Montanazhdarcho minor
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    212161602002
    [87] † Aralazhdarcho bostobensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    213171700002
    [88] † Phosphatodraco mauritanicus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    209212100002
    [89] † Wellnhopterus brevirostris
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1415756033002
    [90] † Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    208222200002
    [91] † Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    85113113032002
    [92] † Azhdarcho lancicollis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1635252015002
    [93] † Cryodrakon boreas
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    196343400002
    [94] † Quetzalcoatlus northropi
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    205252500002
    [95] † Quetzalcoatlus lawsoni
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    47152152031002
    [96] † Quetzalcoatlus fsac-ob 14
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    212181800002
    [97] † Hatzegopteryx thambema
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    207232300002
    [98] † Albadraco tharmisensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    1603333037002
    [99] † Arambourgiania philadelphiae
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    211191900002
    [100] † Mistralazhdarcho maggii
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    199313100002
    [101] † Aerotitan sudamericanus
    Taxon name last Modified on 05/08/23
    220101000002


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