Project 4744: K. Gernelle, F. Lihoreau, J. Boisserie, L. Marivaux, G. MéTais, P. Antoine. 2023. New material of Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides from Samane Nala, Bugti Hills (Pakistan) and the origin of Merycopotamini (Mammalia: Hippopotamoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 198 (1):278-309.
Abstract
Revision of the anthracothere Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides, endemic to the Lower Miocene of the Indian subcontinent and thus far confused with Brachyodus, is made possible by the description of unpublished specimens from the Samane Nala fossil-bearing deposits of the Bugti Hills (Pakistan). This is the first biochronologically constrained occurrence for a comprehensive series of this species. The analysis of cranial and dental morphological variations based on all known specimens of Parabrachyodus allows us to provide diagnostic characters for this monotypic genus. These include a four-crested upper molar protocone unique among artiodactyls and several convergences with subfamily Anthracotheriinae, like the two puzzling distal cristae on the last upper premolar protocone. A phylogenetic analysis at the hippopotamoid level, including Parabrachyodus and the enigmatic genera Telmatodon and Gonotelma (both also endemic to the Bugti Hills), is performed for the first time. These phylogenetically related taxa turn out to be basal to the tribe Merycopotamini, leading us to propose a more inclusive definition of the diagnosis of this tribe. Our results formally establish Elomeryx as the sister-group of Merycopotamini in Bothriodontinae, and definitely locate the early evolutionary history of Merycopotamini on the Indian subcontinent.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac111
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4744, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4744
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 12985 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 224 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 536 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:224/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4744
MorphoBank Project 4744
- Creation Date:
12 July 2023 - Publication Date:
12 July 2023 - Project views: 3359
- Matrix downloads: 1
Authors' Institutions
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Natural History Museum, Paris)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Université de Poitiers (University of Poitiers)
- Universite de Montpellier
- Sorbonne Université
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 76 | 4 | 3 | 224 | 0 | 0 | 12985 (12655, 0, 330) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Killian Gernelle Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29354' (76 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Gujaratia Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 37 | 168 | 168 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Bunophorus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 105 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Homacodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 128 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Dichobune Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 22 | 196 | 194 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Acotherulum Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 95 | 130 | 126 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Cebochoerus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 8 | 211 | 209 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Gobiohyus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 73 | 148 | 146 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Choeropotamus depereti Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 57 | 163 | 163 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Choeropotamus parisiensis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 62 | 161 | 159 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Siamotherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 31 | 191 | 190 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] † Anthracokeryx tenuis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 39 | 186 | 183 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] † Geniokeryx thailandicus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 83 | 139 | 139 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] † Microbunodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 6 | 215 | 215 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] † Heptacodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 54 | 170 | 168 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] † Anthracotherium chaimanei Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 78 | 146 | 145 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] † Anthracotherium magnum Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 8 | 217 | 215 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] † Myaingtherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 88 | 133 | 133 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] † Bothriogenys orientalis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 83 | 141 | 140 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] † Bothriogenys fraasi Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 41 | 183 | 182 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[20] † Bothriogenys gorringei Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 36 | 193 | 186 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[21] † Bothriogenys andrewsi Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 106 | 118 | 117 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[22] † Brachyodus aequatorialis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 46 | 182 | 177 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[23] † Brachyodus onoideus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 1 | 223 | 222 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[24] † Brachyodus depereti Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 84 | 137 | 136 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[25] † Bothriodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 6 | 222 | 217 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[26] † Aepinacodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 77 | 149 | 147 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[27] † Bakalovia Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 87 | 138 | 136 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[28] † Elomeryx crispus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 45 | 184 | 178 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[29] † Elomeryx borbonicus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 1 | 226 | 222 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[30] † Elomeryx armatus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 73 | 154 | 151 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[31] † Parabrachyodus hyopotamoides Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 35 | 197 | 188 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[32] † Telmatodon bugtiensis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 149 | 74 | 72 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[33] † Telmatodon orientalis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 134 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[34] † Gonotelma shahbazi Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 145 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[35] † Afromeryx Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 32 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[36] † Sivameryx palaeindicus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 76 | 152 | 147 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[37] † Sivameryx africanus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 56 | 159 | 157 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[38] † Hemimeryx blanfordi Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 68 | 146 | 143 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[39] † Merycopotamus nanus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 10 | 213 | 209 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[40] † Merycopotamus medioximus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 31 | 189 | 188 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[41] † Merycopotamus dissimilis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 47 | 174 | 173 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[42] † Libycosaurus algeriensis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 96 | 126 | 125 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[43] † Libycosaurus anisae Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 45 | 180 | 176 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[44] † Libycosaurus bahri Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 12 | 201 | 200 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[45] † Epirigenys Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 86 | 140 | 136 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[46] † Morotochoerus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 131 | 94 | 90 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[47] † Kenyapotamus coryndonae Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 67 | 166 | 155 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[48] † Kenyapotamus ternani Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 85 | 144 | 137 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[49] † Chororatherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 133 | 92 | 89 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[50] † Chorora hippopotamine Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 96 | 130 | 126 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[51] † Archaeopotamus qeshta Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 90 | 135 | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[52] † Archaeopotamus harvardi Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 22 | 206 | 197 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[53] † Hexaprotodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 6 | 227 | 213 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[54] Hippopotamus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 3 | 235 | 215 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[55] Choeropsis Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 21 | 203 | 195 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[56] † Egatochoerus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 132 | 88 | 87 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[57] † Palaeochoerus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 5 | 217 | 212 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[58] † Kenyasus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 50 | 169 | 168 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[59] † Perchoerus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 60 | 161 | 158 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[60] † Amphimeryx Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 13 | 198 | 198 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[61] † Khirtaria Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 118 | 104 | 102 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[62] † Mixtotherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 28 | 193 | 192 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[63] † Xiphodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 29 | 193 | 191 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[64] † Dacrytherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 38 | 182 | 181 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[65] † Diplobune Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 2 | 221 | 218 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[66] † Anoplotherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 36 | 191 | 185 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[67] † Paroxacron Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 17 | 193 | 192 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[68] † Entelodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 18 | 200 | 199 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[69] † Indohyus Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 47 | 170 | 170 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[70] † Merycoidodon Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 28 | 190 | 189 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[71] † Amphiraghatherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 58 | 169 | 165 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[72] † Hallebune Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 102 | 123 | 121 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[73] † Archaeomeryx Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 75 | 145 | 144 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[74] † Lophiomeryx Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 33 | 185 | 184 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[75] † Prodremotherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 16 | 196 | 196 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[76] † Bachitherium Last Modified in 07/12/23 | 19 | 200 | 196 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 3359 | |
Project overview | 212 | |
Media views | 721 | Media search (456 views); M890215 (92 views); M890216 (85 views); M890218 (88 views); |
Bibliography | 104 | |
Matrix views | 140 | Matrix landing page (135 views); Matrix (5 views); |
Views for media list | 291 | |
Specimen list | 659 | |
Taxon list | 1230 | |
Documents list | 2 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1 | |
Matrix downloads | 1 | Matrix (1 download); |