Project 4811: D.M. Casali, A. Boscaini, T.J. Gaudin, F. A. Perini. 2022. Reassessing the phylogeny and divergence times of sloths (Mammalia: Pilosa: Folivora), exploring alternative morphological partitioning and dating models. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 196 (4):1743-1743.
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Folivora) have been extensively studied in the past few decades using maximum parsimony approaches. Recently, Bayesian phylogenetic methods also began to be employed for this task, with advances in methods for data partitioning and tip-dating analyses leading to exciting new possibilities in morphological phylogenetics. In this context, we assembled the largest morphological data set ever applied to sloths and reassessed their phylogeny and divergence times, evaluating alternative models of partitioning and dating in a Bayesian framework. The updated phylogeny of sloths is largely in agreement with previous morphological studies, with Bradypus recovered as sister to Eufolivora, the presence of two major sloth clades (Mylodontoidea and Megatherioidea) and Choloepus among Megalonychidae. However, the present study yields some important advances in understanding the relationships of genera with historically unresolved or controversial allocations. The major sloth clades diversified from the Late Eocene to the Early Miocene. Homoplasy-based partition models outperformed anatomical partitioning and unpartitioned analyses, with considerable impacts on topology and posterior probabilities. Estimates obtained using homoplasy-partitioned models with Bayesian analyses were in strong agreement with those of maximum parsimony. We emphasize the importance of model comparison with Bayes factors and the assessment of synapomorphies in Bayesian morphological phylogenetics.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac092
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4811, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4811
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 24918 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 510 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 1198 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:437/73 |
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MorphoBank Project 4811
MorphoBank Project 4811
- Creation Date:
03 August 2023 - Publication Date:
03 August 2023 - Matrix downloads: 8
Authors' Institutions
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
- University of Tennessee
- Universidad de Buenos Aires
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 76 | 6 | 6 | 510 | 0 | 0 | 24918 (23865, 0, 1053) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29415' (76 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Dasypus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 95 | 397 | 382 | 0 | 33 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] Euphractus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 68 | 422 | 410 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] Cyclopes Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 55 | 387 | 364 | 0 | 91 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Palaeomyrmidon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 356 | 94 | 94 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Protamandua Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 277 | 174 | 174 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] Tamandua Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 8 | 438 | 408 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] Myrmecophaga Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 11 | 419 | 405 | 0 | 94 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Neotamandua Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 231 | 197 | 194 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Pseudoglyptodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 460 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] Bradypus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 34 | 492 | 448 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Schismotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 94 | 434 | 411 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Pelecyodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 147 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Hapalops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 20 | 548 | 485 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] Analcimorphus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 215 | 304 | 291 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † "Xyophorus" Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 395 | 115 | 114 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Mionothropus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 116 | 389 | 389 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Pronothrotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 148 | 359 | 358 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Nothrotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 12 | 486 | 477 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Nothrotheriops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 10 | 493 | 480 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Planops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 144 | 365 | 362 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Prepoplanops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 205 | 302 | 302 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Prepotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 376 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Megathericulus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 280 | 227 | 226 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Diabolotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 220 | 287 | 286 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Aymaratherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 426 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Thalassocnus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 51 | 465 | 433 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Anisodontherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 407 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Pyramiodontherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 258 | 250 | 242 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Megatheriops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 263 | 239 | 239 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Proeremotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 371 | 142 | 138 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Eremotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 15 | 498 | 477 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Megatherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 30 | 493 | 465 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Hyperleptus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 296 | 213 | 210 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Megalonychotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 359 | 148 | 148 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Eucholoeops Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 98 | 442 | 406 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] Choloepus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 33 | 494 | 458 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Acratocnus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 74 | 459 | 431 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Neocnus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 106 | 444 | 398 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Parocnus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 114 | 412 | 394 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Megalocnus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 99 | 421 | 408 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Pliomorphus Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 280 | 234 | 227 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Pliometanastes Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 236 | 271 | 268 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Megalonyx Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 17 | 525 | 485 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Australonyx Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 183 | 329 | 324 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Ahytherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 127 | 379 | 379 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Megistonyx Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 388 | 121 | 121 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Nohochichak Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 370 | 137 | 137 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Xybalbaonyx Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 172 | 350 | 334 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Octomylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 367 | 120 | 120 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Octodontotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 243 | 264 | 263 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Paroctodontotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 415 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Nematherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 141 | 377 | 360 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Analcitherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 325 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Neonematherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 388 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Sibyllotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 391 | 117 | 117 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Valgipes Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 73 | 445 | 429 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Proscelidodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 100 | 420 | 403 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Catonyx Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 19 | 523 | 484 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Scelidotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 11 | 534 | 490 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Pseudoprepotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 155 | 352 | 350 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Urumacotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 340 | 166 | 166 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Brievabradys Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 413 | 95 | 95 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Thinobadistes Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 100 | 405 | 397 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Lestobradys Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 428 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Bolivartherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 377 | 131 | 130 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Lestodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 52 | 469 | 445 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Pleurolestodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 279 | 225 | 223 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Simomylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 66 | 448 | 432 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Glossotheridium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 217 | 287 | 283 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Ocnotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 149 | 352 | 352 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Glossotherium Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 7 | 524 | 488 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Paramylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 5 | 522 | 489 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Oreomylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 142 | 371 | 358 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Archaeomylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 377 | 131 | 131 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Mylodon Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 83 | 433 | 410 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Mylodonopsis Taxon name last Modified on 08/03/23 | 353 | 152 | 151 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 9 | |
Matrix downloads | 8 | Matrix (8 downloads); |
Document downloads | 1 | Matrix in a CSV format (1 download); |