Project 4867: S. P. Davis, J. A. Finarelli, M. I. Coates. 2012. Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes. Nature. 486 (7402):247-250.
Abstract
Acanthodians, an exclusively Palaeozoic group of fish, are central to a renewed debate on the origin of modern gnathostomes: jawed vertebrates comprising Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and ratfish) and Osteichthyes (bony fishes and tetrapods). Acanthodian internal anatomy is primarily understood from Acanthodes bronni because it remains the only example preserved in substantial detail, central to which is an ostensibly osteichthyan braincase. For this reason, Acanthodes has become an indispensible component in early gnathostome phylogenies. Here we present a new description of the Acanthodes braincase, yielding new details of external and internal morphology, notably the regions surrounding and within the ear capsule and neurocranial roof. These data contribute to a new reconstruction that, unexpectedly, resembles early chondrichthyan crania. Principal coordinates analysis of a character-taxon matrix including these new data confirms this impression: Acanthodes is quantifiably closer to chondrichthyans than to osteichthyans. However, phylogenetic analysis places Acanthodes on the osteichthyan stem, as part of a well-resolved tree that also recovers acanthodians as stem chondrichthyans and stem gnathostomes. As such, perceived chondrichthyan features of the Acanthodes cranium represent shared primitive conditions for crown group gnathostomes. Moreover, this increasingly detailed picture of early gnathostome evolution highlights ongoing and profound anatomical reorganization of vertebrate crania after the origin of jaws but before the divergence of living clades.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1038/nature11080
Project DOI: 10.7934/P4867, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4867
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 4946 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 138 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 279 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:138/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 4867
MorphoBank Project 4867
- Creation Date:
04 September 2023 - Publication Date:
13 March 2024 - Project views: 1380
- Matrix downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- University College Dublin
- University of Chicago
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Shreya Jariwala Project Administrator | 60 | 13 | 13 | 138 | 0 | 0 | 4946 (4173, 0, 773) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29697' (60 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Galeaspida Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 27 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Osteostraci Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 21 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Acanthodes Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 10 | 111 | 111 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Akmonistion Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 15 | 105 | 105 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Austroptyctodus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 47 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Bothriolepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 59 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Brachyacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 78 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Brindabellaspis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 55 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Brochoadmones Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 72 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Buchanosteus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 35 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Campbellodus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 64 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Cassidiceps Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 83 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Cheiracanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 55 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Cheirolepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 49 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Chondrenchelys Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 31 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Cladodoides Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 74 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Cladoselache Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 33 | 87 | 87 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Climatius Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 60 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Cobelodus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 13 | 103 | 103 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Coccosteus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 72 | 54 | 54 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Cowralepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 88 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Culmacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 77 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Debeerius Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 27 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Dialipina Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 87 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Dicksonosteus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 32 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Diplacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 68 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Doliodus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 70 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Eusthenopteron Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 2 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Euthacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 67 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Gladiobranchus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 65 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Gogonasus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 35 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Guiyu Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 56 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Hamiltonichthys Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 30 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Homalacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 52 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Howqualepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 45 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Ischnacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 59 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Kathemacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 69 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Ligulalepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 89 | 47 | 47 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Macropetalichthys Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 79 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Mesacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 66 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Mimia Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 0 | 124 | 124 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Obtusacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 82 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Onychodus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 27 | 96 | 96 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Onychoselache Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 50 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Orthacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 19 | 101 | 101 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Parexus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 72 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Poracanthodes Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 81 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Porolepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 20 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Promesacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 61 | 66 | 66 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Psarolepis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 69 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Pterichthyodes Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 78 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Ptomacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 60 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Pucapampella Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 90 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Rhamphodopsis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 78 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Tamiobatis Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 54 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Tetanopsyrus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 60 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Tristychius Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 19 | 98 | 98 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Lupopsyrus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 92 | 44 | 44 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Rhadinacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 104 | 32 | 32 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Vernicomacanthus Last Modified in 03/07/24 | 102 | 34 | 34 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 1380 | |
Media views | 430 | Media search (144 views); M902551 (24 views); M902546 (22 views); M902547 (22 views); M902552 (22 views); M902548 (22 views); M902542 (23 views); M902550 (20 views); M902540 (24 views); M902543 (22 views); M902541 (20 views); M902544 (21 views); M902545 (21 views); M902549 (23 views); |
Project overview | 47 | |
Bibliography | 34 | |
Taxon list | 330 | |
Matrix views | 49 | Matrix landing page (46 views); Davis et al 2012 (3 views); |
Documents list | 31 | |
Views for media list | 49 | |
Specimen list | 410 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 3 | |
Matrix downloads | 2 | Davis et al 2012 (2 downloads); |
Document downloads | 1 | Davis et al 2012 (Original PBDB Matrix) (1 download); |