Project 5019: J. R. Paterson, G. D. Edgecombe, M. S. Lee. 2019. Trilobite evolutionary rates constrain the duration of the Cambrian explosion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (10):4394-4399.
Abstract
Trilobites are often considered exemplary for understanding the Cambrian explosion of animal life, due to their unsurpassed diversity and abundance. These biomineralized arthropods appear abruptly in the fossil record with an established diversity, phylogenetic disparity, and provincialism at the beginning of Cambrian Series 2 (∼521 Ma), suggesting a protracted but cryptic earlier history that possibly extends into the Precambrian. However, recent analyses indicate elevated rates of phenotypic and genomic evolution for arthropods during the early Cambrian, thereby shortening the phylogenetic fuse. Furthermore, comparatively little research has been devoted to understanding the duration of the Cambrian explosion, after which normal Phanerozoic evolutionary rates were established. We test these hypotheses by applying Bayesian tip-dating methods to a comprehensive dataset of Cambrian trilobites. We show that trilobites have a Cambrian origin, as supported by the trace fossil record and molecular clocks. Surprisingly, they exhibit constant evolutionary rates across the entire Cambrian, for all aspects of the preserved phenotype: discrete, meristic, and continuous morphological traits. Our data therefore provide robust, quantitative evidence that by the time the typical Cambrian fossil record begins (∼521 Ma), the Cambrian explosion had already largely concluded. This suggests that a modern-style marine biosphere had rapidly emerged during the latest Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian (∼20 million years), followed by broad-scale evolutionary stasis throughout the remainder of the Cambrian.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819366116
Project DOI: 10.7934/P5019, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5019
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 9215 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 107 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 286 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:107/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 5019
MorphoBank Project 5019
- Creation Date:
28 December 2023 - Publication Date:
13 March 2024 - Project views: 1201
Authors' Institutions
- Natural History Museum, London
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide
- Flinders University
- University of New England
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Shreya Jariwala Project Administrator | 107 | 11 | 11 | 107 | 0 | 0 | 9215 (7380, 0, 1835) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29603' (107 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Calodiscus lobatus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 0 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[2] † Hebediscina longispinus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 8 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[3] † Neocobboldia chilinica Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 0 | 81 | 78 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[4] † Pagetia ocellata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 1 | 78 | 77 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[5] † Serrodiscus speciosus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 23 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[6] † Tsunyidiscus longquanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 1 | 77 | 76 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[7] † Agraulos ceticephalus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[8] † Anabaraspis splendens Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 79 | 77 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[9] † Balcoracania dailyi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 5 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[10] † Bigotina bivallata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 40 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[11] † Bristolia anteros Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 36 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[12] † Choubertella spinosa Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 19 | 71 | 70 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[13] † Daguinaspis ambroggii Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 19 | 70 | 69 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[14] † Dolerolenus zoppii Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 12 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[15] † Eccaparadoxides pusillus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 5 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[16] † Ellipsocephalus gripi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 10 | 85 | 84 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[17] † Elliptocephala asaphoides Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 11 | 77 | 75 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[18] † Emuella polymera Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 7 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[19] † Eoredlichia intermediata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 2 | 94 | 92 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[20] † Estaingia bilobata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 12 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[21] † Fallotaspis bondoni Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 22 | 71 | 70 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[22] † Hamatolenus vincenti Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 21 | 74 | 73 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[23] † Holmia kjerulfi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 67 | 66 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[24] † Ichangia ichangensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[25] † Judomia tera Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[26] † Lemdadella antarcticae Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 72 | 70 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[27] † Megapharanaspis nedini Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[28] † Metadoxides armatus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 27 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[29] † Montezumaspis parallela Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 12 | 73 | 72 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[30] † Nephrolenellus geniculatus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 16 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[31] † Nevadia weeksi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[32] † Olenellus gilberti Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 2 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[33] † Parabadiella huoi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 26 | 69 | 68 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[34] † Peachella iddingsi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 30 | 59 | 58 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[35] † Protolenus densigranulatus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 27 | 68 | 66 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[36] † Redlichia takooensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 5 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[37] † Strenuaeva inflata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 75 | 75 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[38] † Tayanaspis bulbosus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 31 | 69 | 67 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[39] † Wanneria walcottana Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 22 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[40] † Xystridura templetonensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 5 | 88 | 86 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[41] † Yinites wanshougongensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 7 | 80 | 80 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[42] † Yunnanocephalus yunnanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 26 | 67 | 66 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[43] † Zhangshania typica Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 4 | 83 | 82 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[44] † Corynexochus plumula Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 34 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[45] † Dinesus ida Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 26 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[46] † Fuchouia fecunda Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 8 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[47] † Guangxiaspis guangxiensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 10 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[48] † Jakutus primigenius Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 29 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[49] † Lonchopygella megaspina Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 36 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[50] † Olenoides serratus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 70 | 70 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[51] † Oligometopus breviceps Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 42 | 51 | 50 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[52] † Oryctocephalus indicus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 11 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[53] † Shergoldia laevigata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 16 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[54] † Tsinania canens Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 20 | 70 | 68 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[55] † Wanshania wanshanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 27 | 62 | 62 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[56] † Zacanthopsis palmeri Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 14 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[57] † Coosella kieri Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 28 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[58] † Elrathia kingii Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 33 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[59] † Modocia kohli Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 28 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[60] † Sao hirsuta Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 2 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[61] † Tricrepicephalus texanus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 38 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[62] † Ajrikina hunanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 45 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[63] † Golasaphus momedahensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 31 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[64] † Liostracina tangwangzhaiensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 31 | 65 | 63 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[65] † Proceratopyge truncata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 26 | 71 | 70 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[66] † Asaphiscus wheeleri Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 35 | 60 | 58 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[67] † Burnetiella leechi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 22 | 71 | 69 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[68] † Cedaria minor Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 20 | 65 | 64 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[69] † Haniwa quadrata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 73 | 72 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[70] † Iveria iverensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 37 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[71] † Labiostria westropi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 76 | 75 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[72] † Loganellus logani Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 27 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[73] † Olenus wahlenbergi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 5 | 87 | 86 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[74] † Orygmaspis billingsi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 22 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[75] † Pterocephalia norfordi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 73 | 73 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[76] † Notchpeakia taylori Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 36 | 59 | 57 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[77] † Akoldinioidia shanjiangensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 7 | 71 | 71 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[78] † Asioptychaspis subglobosa Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 19 | 70 | 69 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[79] † Bathynotus kueichouensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 21 | 71 | 68 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[80] † Bolaspidella housensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 2 | 85 | 85 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[81] † Brachyaspidion microps Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 30 | 61 | 60 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[82] † Catillicephala shawi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 37 | 47 | 46 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[83] † Cheilocephalus brevilobus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 48 | 47 | 46 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[84] † Conocoryphe sulzeri Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 17 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[85] † Dikelocephalus minnesotensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 20 | 77 | 75 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[86] † Elvinia roemeri Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 19 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[87] † Eurekia rintintini Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 19 | 73 | 72 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[88] † Fenghuangella coniforma Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 46 | 52 | 51 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[89] † Hungaia puelchana Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 39 | 59 | 58 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[90] † Jiulongshania longispina Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 39 | 58 | 57 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[91] † Kuetsingocephalus qiannanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 63 | 63 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[92] † Lisania paibiensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 35 | 58 | 57 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[93] † Mapania striata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 31 | 64 | 63 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[94] † Monkaspis quadrata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 43 | 55 | 54 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[95] † Myopsolenites altus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 27 | 66 | 65 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[96] † Neodrepanura premesnili Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 24 | 67 | 66 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[97] † Norwoodia boninoi Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 35 | 58 | 57 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[98] † Onaraspis rubra Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 73 | 72 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[99] † Palaeadotes hunanensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 23 | 73 | 70 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[100] † Papyriaspis lanceola Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 28 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[101] † Parakoldinioidia akerfeldti Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 35 | 61 | 59 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[102] † Penarosa netenta Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 68 | 68 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[103] † Plethopeltis armatus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 25 | 62 | 60 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[104] † Prodamesella punctata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 37 | 59 | 59 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[105] † Ptychoparia striata Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[106] † Tasmacephalus platypus Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 72 | 71 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
[107] † Xingrenaspis xingrenensis Last Modified in 12/28/23 | 18 | 74 | 72 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 1201 | |
Matrix views | 27 | Matrix landing page (27 views); |
Project overview | 50 | |
Bibliography | 29 | |
Documents list | 33 | |
Specimen list | 295 | |
Views for media list | 42 | |
Media views | 324 | Media search (117 views); M898509 (20 views); M898508 (19 views); M898505 (18 views); M898506 (20 views); M898499 (19 views); M898500 (19 views); M898503 (18 views); M898507 (16 views); M898504 (19 views); M898501 (19 views); M898502 (20 views); |
Taxon list | 401 |