Abstract

Eutriconodonta is a diverse group of crown mammals that are known from the Jurassic¬¬¬ and Cretaceous, mainly on the northern landmasses. Here we report a single lower molariform from the “intertrappean” deposits exposed near Anjar, in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat, India that date to the last 300,000 years of the Cretaceous. The lower molariform of Indotriconodon magnus gen. et sp. nov. is relatively large, has three subequal, erect, lanceolated cusps, and lacks both a buccal and lingual cingulum, accessory cusps (d, e), and a vertical groove mesial to cusp b. It represents the first eutriconodontan mammal from the Cretaceous of India and the Late Cretaceous of Gondwana, and is the globally youngest record of this group. The results of a cladistic analysis support placement of the new Indian taxon among the Eutriconodonta, possibly more closely allied to triconodontids than to other groups. Indotriconodon magnus is the tenth named mammalian species known from the Late Cretaceous of India and the first relatively large-bodied faunivore. This record shows that the Eutriconodonta had a broader temporal and geographic distribution than previously thought and highlights the importance of continued paleontological exploration on the Indian subcontinent.