Project 510: B. C. LIVEZEY, R. L. ZUSI. 2007. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (1):1-95.
Abstract
This work serves as a compendium of anatomical resources upon which a companion phylogenetic analysis of Aves and related Theropoda (Avialae) was based (Livezey and Zusi 2006). Following a brief historical overview of avian anatomy and avian systematics, the rich published literature pertinent to these topics is classified chronologically and geographically. The former also was organized with respect to eras of predominant methodologies in avian systematics, with an emphasis on recent paleontological finds bearing importantly on the origins of modern birds (Neornithes). This was followed by an exposition on the theoretical and abstract underpinnings of morphological characterization for purposes of phylogenetic reconstructions (to be published separately), with aspects of analysis for phylogenetic inference (e.g., tactics for employment of currently available software, ordering, criteria for optimization of trees) considered elsewhere.The principal contribution of this exposition is a listing of characters and states manifesting what was inferred to hold promise with respect to phylogenetic or historical signal. In total, 2,954 anatomical characters were defined—2,451 osteological, 256 myological, and 247 miscellaneous—of which 981 (approximately one-third) were multiple-state (i.e., comprised three or more states), the latter including 537 characters treated as ordered. Bibliographic provenance for characters was provided, where possible, but exact equivalence of characters and states among workers was seldom feasible. In many cases, previously published characters were listed on the grounds that these pertained most closely to the structure or complex at hand in the present study, and that such listings provided at least a historical grasp of the magnitude of prior usages of a given character. We also summarized, to the extent feasible, previously published characters for which inclusion in the present work was judged to be unreliable or lacking sufficient clarity.In addition to the descriptions of characters, a limited series of figures are provided, in no small part to ameliorate the challenges posed by new terms and formal anatomical nomenclature. We are adherents to nomenclatural formalism (Livezey and Zusi 2001) in anatomical contexts sensu the ICAAN (International Committee on Avian Anatomical Nomenclature; Baumel 1993). I.e., we consider that characters and states—implicitly proposals of homology—warrant clarity with respect to surrounding text in the same sense that binomial taxa—i.e., as hypotheses of historical lineages—are subject to formal conventions.Finally, literature cited herein is listed, as a work of this kind is impossible without access to the wealth of information and insight provided by such a resource. As this literature is integrated by citation with the descriptions of characters, it is hoped that the bibliography will lessen the challenges posed by a deep, multilingual, and variably technical literature for systematists using these descriptions. The dimension of the character matrix also led us to enclose a CD of the data set in the present work to assist those seeking to improve, append, or refine our efforts.A phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of these data will appear separately (Livezey and Zusi 2006). Soon thereafter a collaboration with an unparalleled compilation of molecular data (i.e., DNA sequences) and confirmatory paleontological data is planned to conclude with the publication of a total-evidence analysis of avian phylogeny under the auspices of the NSF “Tree of Life” program, one to encompass extant birds (Neornithes), avian relatives from the Mesozoic (outgroups), and nonavialian fossil taxa from the Mesozoic (“deep” outgroups).Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x
Project DOI: 10.7934/P510, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P510
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 433314 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 2954 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 8358 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:2954/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 510
MorphoBank Project 510
- Creation Date:
26 April 2011 - Publication Date:
11 July 2011 - Project views: 193593
- Media downloads: 3
- Matrix downloads: 268
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member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||
Maureen O'Leary Project Administrator | 188 | 1 | 1 | 2954 | 0 | 0 | 433314 (433314, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Joel Cracraft Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership ![]() | 0 | 127 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Nancy Simmons Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1228' (188 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Non-Archosauromorpha Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2849 | 126 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[2] Crocodylia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2808 | 148 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[3] Ornithischia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2675 | 293 | 279 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[4] Sauropodomorpha Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2645 | 319 | 309 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[5] Herrerasaurus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2373 | 581 | 581 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[6] Dilophosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2479 | 476 | 475 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[7] Abelisauridae Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2709 | 246 | 245 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[8] Coelophysis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2405 | 559 | 549 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[9] Ceratosaurusia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2491 | 468 | 463 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[10] Allosauroidea Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2163 | 834 | 791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[11] Tyrannosauridae Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2222 | 748 | 732 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[12] Compsognathus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2483 | 473 | 471 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[13] Sinosauropteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2749 | 206 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[14] Caudipteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2552 | 407 | 402 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[15] Protoarchaeopteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2775 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[16] Oviraptorosauria Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2277 | 692 | 677 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[17] Ornithomimosaurus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2272 | 703 | 682 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[18] Struthiomimus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2740 | 216 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[19] Gallimimus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2733 | 223 | 221 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[20] Pelecanimimus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2767 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[21] Therizinosauroidea Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2438 | 526 | 516 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[22] Troodon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2264 | 694 | 690 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[23] Saurornithoides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2799 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[24] Dromaeosaurus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2134 | 844 | 820 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[25] Velociraptor Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2536 | 418 | 418 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[26] Deinonychus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2638 | 316 | 316 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[27] Alvarezsauroidea Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2324 | 677 | 630 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[28] Enantiornithes Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 2468 | 517 | 486 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[29] Archaeopteryx Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1660 | 1297 | 1294 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[30] Confuciusornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1783 | 1175 | 1171 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[31] Hesperornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2434 | 524 | 520 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[32] Ichthyornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1775 | 1184 | 1179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[33] Rahonavis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2846 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[34] Apsaravis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2533 | 423 | 421 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[35] Lithornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 1577 | 1384 | 1377 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[36] Aepyornithidae Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 1192 | 1765 | 1762 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[37] Dinornithiformes Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 1191 | 1795 | 1763 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[38] Struthio Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 407 | 2550 | 2547 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[39] Rhea Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 389 | 2567 | 2565 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[40] Casuarius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 384 | 2571 | 2570 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[41] Dromaius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 381 | 2576 | 2573 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[42] Apteryx Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 418 | 2540 | 2536 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[43] Eudromia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 221 | 2741 | 2733 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[44] Chauna Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2809 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[45] Anseranas Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 165 | 2791 | 2789 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[46] Anser Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 152 | 2806 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[47] Anas Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 146 | 2813 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[48] Megapodius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 141 | 2815 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[49] Ortalis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 138 | 2818 | 2816 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[50] Meleagris Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 140 | 2816 | 2814 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[51] Dendragapus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 143 | 2814 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[52] Lophortyx Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 143 | 2814 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[53] Francolinus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 143 | 2813 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[54] Alectoris Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 147 | 2809 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[55] Gallus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 143 | 2813 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[56] Numida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 148 | 2809 | 2806 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[57] Sylviornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2700 | 255 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[58] Diatryma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 2812 | 143 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[59] Dromornithidae Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 1759 | 1201 | 1195 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[60] Diomedea Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2813 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[61] Puffinus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[62] Pachyptila Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[63] Oceanites Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2800 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[64] Pelecanoides Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 172 | 2783 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[65] Spheniscus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 259 | 2697 | 2695 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[66] Gavia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 161 | 2793 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[67] Podiceps Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 172 | 2785 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[68] Fregata Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 167 | 2788 | 2787 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[69] Anhinga Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 162 | 2792 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[70] Phalacrocorax Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 162 | 2793 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[71] Sula Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 169 | 2785 | 2785 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[72] Pelecanus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 166 | 2788 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[73] Phaethon Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 166 | 2789 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[74] Ardea Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2799 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[75] Nycticorax Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2806 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[76] Tigrisoma Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 152 | 2803 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[77] Botaurus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 158 | 2797 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[78] Cochlearius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[79] Ajaia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 151 | 2804 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[80] Scopus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[81] Plegadis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 160 | 2795 | 2794 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[82] Ciconia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 143 | 2812 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[83] Phoenicopterus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 158 | 2800 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[84] Balaeniceps Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 176 | 2779 | 2778 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[85] Accipiter Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 155 | 2800 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[86] Gyps Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 171 | 2783 | 2783 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[87] Pandion Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2805 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[88] Falco Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 146 | 2808 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[89] Polyborus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 142 | 2812 | 2812 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[90] Sagittarius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[91] Catharthes Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 151 | 2803 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[92] Turnix Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 181 | 2773 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[93] Mesitornis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 196 | 2758 | 2758 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[94] Afrotis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 163 | 2793 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[95] Cariama Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 155 | 2799 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[96] Eurypyga Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 141 | 2813 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[97] Rhynochetos Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 164 | 2790 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[98] Aptornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 963 | 1995 | 1991 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[99] Psophia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 152 | 2802 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[100] Aramus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2802 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[101] Grus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2809 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[102] Heliornis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 205 | 2754 | 2749 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[103] Porphyrula Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 148 | 2810 | 2806 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[104] Pedionomus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 205 | 2750 | 2749 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[105] Jacana Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 141 | 2814 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[106] Rostratula Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2807 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[107] Dromas Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[108] Haematopus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 161 | 2794 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[109] Ibidorhyncha Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 198 | 2757 | 2756 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[110] Himantopus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 173 | 2783 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[111] Cladorhynchus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 224 | 2731 | 2730 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[112] Burhinus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 174 | 2781 | 2780 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[113] Glareola Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 159 | 2800 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[114] Cursorius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 179 | 2776 | 2775 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[115] Pluvialis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 169 | 2794 | 2785 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[116] Chionis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 157 | 2798 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[117] Heteroscelus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 147 | 2815 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[118] Phalaropus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 146 | 2810 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[119] Thinocorus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 159 | 2796 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[120] Uria Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 173 | 2785 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[121] Stercorarius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 155 | 2801 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[122] Rissa Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 168 | 2794 | 2786 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[123] Chlidonias Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 151 | 2809 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[124] Rynchops Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 166 | 2789 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[125] Pterocles Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2800 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[126] Columba Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 147 | 2809 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[127] Zenaida Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 149 | 2806 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[128] Geopelia Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 151 | 2804 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[129] Didunculus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 174 | 2781 | 2780 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[130] Goura Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 150 | 2806 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[131] Ducula Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2802 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[132] Raphus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 725 | 2229 | 2229 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[133] Pezophaps Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 718 | 2236 | 2236 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[134] Trichoglossus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[135] Cacatua Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 189 | 2766 | 2765 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[136] Amazona Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 180 | 2775 | 2774 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[137] Melopsittacus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 187 | 2768 | 2767 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[138] Cuculus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 151 | 2803 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[139] Coccyzus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 157 | 2797 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[140] Crotophaga Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 147 | 2807 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[141] Geococcyx Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 160 | 2794 | 2794 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[142] Centropus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 158 | 2796 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[143] Corythaixoides Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[144] Opisthocomus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 147 | 2807 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[145] Tyto Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 150 | 2804 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[146] Phodilus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 207 | 2747 | 2747 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[147] Otus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 149 | 2805 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[148] Strix Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[149] Steatornis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 163 | 2791 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[150] Podargus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 186 | 2768 | 2768 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[151] Nyctibius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 162 | 2792 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[152] Aegotheles Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 203 | 2751 | 2751 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[153] Caprimulgus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 150 | 2804 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[154] Hemiprocne Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 186 | 2768 | 2768 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[155] Cypseloides Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 190 | 2767 | 2764 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[156] Apus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 172 | 2782 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[157] Glaucis Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 193 | 2762 | 2761 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[158] Colius Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 164 | 2790 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[159] Pharomachrus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 161 | 2793 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[160] Trogon Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2798 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[161] Alcedo Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 168 | 2786 | 2786 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[162] Halcyon Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 177 | 2777 | 2777 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[163] Todus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 173 | 2781 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[164] Momotus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 171 | 2783 | 2783 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[165] Merops Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2798 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[166] Coracias Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[167] Brachypteracias Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 232 | 2722 | 2722 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[168] Leptosomus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 193 | 2761 | 2761 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[169] Upupa Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 184 | 2770 | 2770 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[170] Phoeniculus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 201 | 2753 | 2753 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[171] Tockus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 164 | 2792 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[172] Galbula Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 175 | 2782 | 2779 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[173] Monasa Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 157 | 2797 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[174] Megalaima Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[175] Semornis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 181 | 2775 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[176] Indicator Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 183 | 2771 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[177] Aulocorhynchus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 185 | 2770 | 2769 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[178] Ramphastos Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 173 | 2782 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[179] Jynx Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 194 | 2760 | 2760 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[180] Picoides Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 183 | 2776 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[181] Menura Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 199 | 2756 | 2755 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[182] Pitta Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 183 | 2772 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[183] Pitangus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 159 | 2796 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[184] Ptilonorhynchus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 162 | 2793 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[185] Aphelocoma Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 156 | 2799 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[186] Bombycilla Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 163 | 2792 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[187] Parus Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 178 | 2777 | 2776 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
[188] Passer Last Modified in 03/16/17 | 173 | 2782 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 ![]() |
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 193593 | |
Project overview | 4817 | |
Matrix views | 2984 | Matrix landing page (2407 views); Morphology Matrix (577 views); |
Documents list | 1941 | |
Media views | 98773 | Media search (5375 views); M88756 (1749 views); M437475 (802 views); M437520 (630 views); M437471 (784 views); M437459 (722 views); M437487 (1190 views); M437452 (695 views); M437536 (832 views); M437498 (1068 views); M437482 (728 views); M437449 (737 views); M437504 (602 views); M437461 (737 views); M437474 (709 views); M437528 (738 views); M437493 (645 views); M437507 (720 views); M437478 (756 views); M437479 (648 views); M437462 (790 views); M437518 (810 views); M437451 (736 views); M437472 (716 views); M437492 (798 views); M437454 (787 views); M437526 (729 views); M437447 (774 views); M437509 (623 views); M437537 (659 views); M437510 (668 views); M437480 (807 views); M437506 (955 views); M437463 (1122 views); M437476 (904 views); M437513 (787 views); M437523 (758 views); M437521 (1059 views); M437540 (668 views); M437496 (994 views); M437505 (657 views); M437448 (666 views); M437488 (783 views); M437522 (863 views); M437495 (995 views); M437477 (685 views); M437501 (859 views); M437484 (1099 views); M437481 (680 views); M437465 (630 views); M437530 (763 views); M437538 (776 views); M437483 (742 views); M437466 (725 views); M437456 (796 views); M437541 (761 views); M437464 (707 views); M437508 (684 views); M437455 (737 views); M437485 (778 views); M437545 (764 views); M437532 (646 views); M437500 (790 views); M437489 (850 views); M437460 (648 views); M437533 (1088 views); M437470 (789 views); M437491 (1003 views); M437486 (682 views); M437468 (740 views); M437524 (770 views); M437473 (935 views); M437531 (824 views); M437503 (845 views); M437542 (649 views); M437450 (695 views); M437529 (847 views); M437527 (725 views); M437514 (623 views); M437525 (641 views); M437457 (657 views); M437469 (764 views); M437453 (824 views); M437467 (716 views); M437458 (792 views); M437535 (716 views); M437519 (648 views); M437497 (913 views); M437544 (706 views); M437534 (757 views); M437512 (694 views); M437543 (801 views); M437539 (675 views); M437516 (773 views); M437517 (931 views); M437515 (770 views); M437490 (749 views); M437494 (733 views); M437499 (752 views); M437502 (707 views); M437511 (937 views); M437546 (553 views); M437547 (493 views); M437548 (388 views); M437549 (577 views); M437550 (373 views); M437551 (516 views); M437552 (511 views); M437553 (531 views); M437554 (514 views); M437555 (479 views); M437556 (614 views); M437557 (553 views); M437558 (431 views); M437559 (497 views); M437560 (476 views); M437561 (501 views); M437562 (376 views); M437563 (495 views); M437564 (488 views); M437565 (389 views); M437566 (599 views); M437567 (428 views); M437568 (579 views); M437569 (607 views); M437570 (470 views); M437571 (488 views); M437572 (533 views); M437573 (600 views); M437574 (356 views); M437575 (392 views); |
Specimen list | 58616 | |
Taxon list | 23373 | |
Bibliography | 898 | |
Views for media list | 2191 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1292 | |
Document downloads | 154 | Matrix without character names (41 downloads); Livezey Zusi codings (52 downloads); Read Me (30 downloads); Standard Assumptions (17 downloads); Standard Ordering (14 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 268 | Morphology Matrix (268 downloads); |
Project downloads | 867 | |
Media downloads | 3 | M437548 (1 download); M437549 (1 download); M88756 (1 download); |