Project 510: B. C. LIVEZEY, R. L. ZUSI. 2007. Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (1):1-95.
Abstract
This work serves as a compendium of anatomical resources upon which a companion phylogenetic analysis of Aves and related Theropoda (Avialae) was based (Livezey and Zusi 2006). Following a brief historical overview of avian anatomy and avian systematics, the rich published literature pertinent to these topics is classified chronologically and geographically. The former also was organized with respect to eras of predominant methodologies in avian systematics, with an emphasis on recent paleontological finds bearing importantly on the origins of modern birds (Neornithes). This was followed by an exposition on the theoretical and abstract underpinnings of morphological characterization for purposes of phylogenetic reconstructions (to be published separately), with aspects of analysis for phylogenetic inference (e.g., tactics for employment of currently available software, ordering, criteria for optimization of trees) considered elsewhere.The principal contribution of this exposition is a listing of characters and states manifesting what was inferred to hold promise with respect to phylogenetic or historical signal. In total, 2,954 anatomical characters were defined—2,451 osteological, 256 myological, and 247 miscellaneous—of which 981 (approximately one-third) were multiple-state (i.e., comprised three or more states), the latter including 537 characters treated as ordered. Bibliographic provenance for characters was provided, where possible, but exact equivalence of characters and states among workers was seldom feasible. In many cases, previously published characters were listed on the grounds that these pertained most closely to the structure or complex at hand in the present study, and that such listings provided at least a historical grasp of the magnitude of prior usages of a given character. We also summarized, to the extent feasible, previously published characters for which inclusion in the present work was judged to be unreliable or lacking sufficient clarity.In addition to the descriptions of characters, a limited series of figures are provided, in no small part to ameliorate the challenges posed by new terms and formal anatomical nomenclature. We are adherents to nomenclatural formalism (Livezey and Zusi 2001) in anatomical contexts sensu the ICAAN (International Committee on Avian Anatomical Nomenclature; Baumel 1993). I.e., we consider that characters and states—implicitly proposals of homology—warrant clarity with respect to surrounding text in the same sense that binomial taxa—i.e., as hypotheses of historical lineages—are subject to formal conventions.Finally, literature cited herein is listed, as a work of this kind is impossible without access to the wealth of information and insight provided by such a resource. As this literature is integrated by citation with the descriptions of characters, it is hoped that the bibliography will lessen the challenges posed by a deep, multilingual, and variably technical literature for systematists using these descriptions. The dimension of the character matrix also led us to enclose a CD of the data set in the present work to assist those seeking to improve, append, or refine our efforts.A phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of these data will appear separately (Livezey and Zusi 2006). Soon thereafter a collaboration with an unparalleled compilation of molecular data (i.e., DNA sequences) and confirmatory paleontological data is planned to conclude with the publication of a total-evidence analysis of avian phylogeny under the auspices of the NSF “Tree of Life” program, one to encompass extant birds (Neornithes), avian relatives from the Mesozoic (outgroups), and nonavialian fossil taxa from the Mesozoic (“deep” outgroups).Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x
Project DOI: 10.7934/P510, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P510
This project contains | Matrices |
---|---|
Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 433314 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 2954 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 8358 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:2954/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 510
MorphoBank Project 510
- Creation Date:
26 April 2011 - Publication Date:
11 July 2011 - Media downloads: 3
- Matrix downloads: 295
This research
supported by
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Maureen O'Leary Project Administrator | 188 | 1 | 1 | 2954 | 0 | 0 | 433314 (433314, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Joel Cracraft Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 127 | 129 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Nancy Simmons Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1228' (188 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Non-Archosauromorpha Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2849 | 126 | 105 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[2] Crocodylia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2808 | 148 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[3] Ornithischia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2675 | 293 | 279 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[4] Sauropodomorpha Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2645 | 319 | 309 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[5] Herrerasaurus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2373 | 581 | 581 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[6] Dilophosaurus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2479 | 476 | 475 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[7] Abelisauridae Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2709 | 246 | 245 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[8] Coelophysis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2405 | 559 | 549 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[9] Ceratosaurusia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2491 | 468 | 463 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[10] Allosauroidea Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2163 | 834 | 791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[11] Tyrannosauridae Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2222 | 748 | 732 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[12] Compsognathus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2483 | 473 | 471 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[13] Sinosauropteryx Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2749 | 206 | 205 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[14] Caudipteryx Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2552 | 407 | 402 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[15] Protoarchaeopteryx Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2775 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[16] Oviraptorosauria Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2277 | 692 | 677 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[17] Ornithomimosaurus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2272 | 703 | 682 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[18] Struthiomimus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2740 | 216 | 214 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[19] Gallimimus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2733 | 223 | 221 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[20] Pelecanimimus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2767 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[21] Therizinosauroidea Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2438 | 526 | 516 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[22] Troodon Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2264 | 694 | 690 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[23] Saurornithoides Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2799 | 155 | 155 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[24] Dromaeosaurus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2134 | 844 | 820 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[25] Velociraptor Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2536 | 418 | 418 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[26] Deinonychus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2638 | 316 | 316 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[27] Alvarezsauroidea Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2324 | 677 | 630 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[28] Enantiornithes Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 2468 | 517 | 486 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[29] Archaeopteryx Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1660 | 1297 | 1294 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[30] Confuciusornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1783 | 1175 | 1171 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[31] Hesperornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2434 | 524 | 520 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[32] Ichthyornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1775 | 1184 | 1179 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[33] Rahonavis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2846 | 108 | 108 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[34] Apsaravis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2533 | 423 | 421 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[35] Lithornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1577 | 1384 | 1377 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[36] Aepyornithidae Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 1192 | 1765 | 1762 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[37] Dinornithiformes Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 1191 | 1795 | 1763 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[38] Struthio Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 407 | 2550 | 2547 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[39] Rhea Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 389 | 2567 | 2565 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[40] Casuarius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 384 | 2571 | 2570 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[41] Dromaius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 381 | 2576 | 2573 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[42] Apteryx Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 418 | 2540 | 2536 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[43] Eudromia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 221 | 2741 | 2733 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[44] Chauna Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2809 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[45] Anseranas Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 165 | 2791 | 2789 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[46] Anser Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 152 | 2806 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[47] Anas Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 146 | 2813 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[48] Megapodius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 141 | 2815 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[49] Ortalis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 138 | 2818 | 2816 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[50] Meleagris Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 140 | 2816 | 2814 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[51] Dendragapus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 143 | 2814 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[52] Lophortyx Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 143 | 2814 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[53] Francolinus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 143 | 2813 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[54] Alectoris Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 147 | 2809 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[55] Gallus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 143 | 2813 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[56] Numida Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 148 | 2809 | 2806 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[57] Sylviornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2700 | 255 | 254 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[58] Diatryma Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2812 | 143 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[59] Dromornithidae Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 1759 | 1201 | 1195 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[60] Diomedea Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2813 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[61] Puffinus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[62] Pachyptila Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[63] Oceanites Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2800 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[64] Pelecanoides Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 172 | 2783 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[65] Spheniscus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 259 | 2697 | 2695 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[66] Gavia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 161 | 2793 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[67] Podiceps Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 172 | 2785 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[68] Fregata Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 167 | 2788 | 2787 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[69] Anhinga Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 162 | 2792 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[70] Phalacrocorax Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 162 | 2793 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[71] Sula Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 169 | 2785 | 2785 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[72] Pelecanus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 166 | 2788 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[73] Phaethon Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 166 | 2789 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[74] Ardea Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2799 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[75] Nycticorax Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2806 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[76] Tigrisoma Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 152 | 2803 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[77] Botaurus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 158 | 2797 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[78] Cochlearius Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 152 | 2804 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[79] Ajaia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 151 | 2804 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[80] Scopus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[81] Plegadis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 160 | 2795 | 2794 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[82] Ciconia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 143 | 2812 | 2811 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[83] Phoenicopterus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 158 | 2800 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[84] Balaeniceps Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 176 | 2779 | 2778 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[85] Accipiter Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 155 | 2800 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[86] Gyps Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 171 | 2783 | 2783 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[87] Pandion Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2805 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[88] Falco Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 146 | 2808 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[89] Polyborus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 142 | 2812 | 2812 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[90] Sagittarius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[91] Catharthes Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 151 | 2803 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[92] Turnix Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 181 | 2773 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[93] Mesitornis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 196 | 2758 | 2758 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[94] Afrotis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 163 | 2793 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[95] Cariama Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 155 | 2799 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[96] Eurypyga Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 141 | 2813 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[97] Rhynochetos Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 164 | 2790 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[98] Aptornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 963 | 1995 | 1991 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[99] Psophia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 152 | 2802 | 2802 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[100] Aramus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2802 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[101] Grus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2809 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[102] Heliornis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 205 | 2754 | 2749 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[103] Porphyrula Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 148 | 2810 | 2806 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[104] Pedionomus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 205 | 2750 | 2749 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[105] Jacana Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 141 | 2814 | 2813 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[106] Rostratula Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2807 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[107] Dromas Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[108] Haematopus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 161 | 2794 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[109] Ibidorhyncha Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 198 | 2757 | 2756 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[110] Himantopus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 173 | 2783 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[111] Cladorhynchus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 224 | 2731 | 2730 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[112] Burhinus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 174 | 2781 | 2780 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[113] Glareola Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 159 | 2800 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[114] Cursorius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 179 | 2776 | 2775 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[115] Pluvialis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 169 | 2794 | 2785 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[116] Chionis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 157 | 2798 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[117] Heteroscelus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 147 | 2815 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[118] Phalaropus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 146 | 2810 | 2808 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[119] Thinocorus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 159 | 2796 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[120] Uria Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 173 | 2785 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[121] Stercorarius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 155 | 2801 | 2799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[122] Rissa Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 168 | 2794 | 2786 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[123] Chlidonias Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 151 | 2809 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[124] Rynchops Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 166 | 2789 | 2788 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[125] Pterocles Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2800 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[126] Columba Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 147 | 2809 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[127] Zenaida Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 149 | 2806 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[128] Geopelia Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 151 | 2804 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[129] Didunculus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 174 | 2781 | 2780 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[130] Goura Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 150 | 2806 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[131] Ducula Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2802 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[132] Raphus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 725 | 2229 | 2229 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[133] Pezophaps Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 718 | 2236 | 2236 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[134] Trichoglossus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[135] Cacatua Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 189 | 2766 | 2765 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[136] Amazona Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 180 | 2775 | 2774 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[137] Melopsittacus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 187 | 2768 | 2767 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[138] Cuculus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 151 | 2803 | 2803 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[139] Coccyzus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 157 | 2797 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[140] Crotophaga Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 147 | 2807 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[141] Geococcyx Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 160 | 2794 | 2794 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[142] Centropus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 158 | 2796 | 2796 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[143] Corythaixoides Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[144] Opisthocomus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 147 | 2807 | 2807 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[145] Tyto Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 150 | 2804 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[146] Phodilus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 207 | 2747 | 2747 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[147] Otus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 149 | 2805 | 2805 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[148] Strix Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[149] Steatornis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 163 | 2791 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[150] Podargus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 186 | 2768 | 2768 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[151] Nyctibius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 162 | 2792 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[152] Aegotheles Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 203 | 2751 | 2751 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[153] Caprimulgus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 150 | 2804 | 2804 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[154] Hemiprocne Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 186 | 2768 | 2768 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[155] Cypseloides Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 190 | 2767 | 2764 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[156] Apus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 172 | 2782 | 2782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[157] Glaucis Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 193 | 2762 | 2761 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[158] Colius Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 164 | 2790 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[159] Pharomachrus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 161 | 2793 | 2793 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[160] Trogon Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2798 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[161] Alcedo Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 168 | 2786 | 2786 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[162] Halcyon Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 177 | 2777 | 2777 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[163] Todus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 173 | 2781 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[164] Momotus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 171 | 2783 | 2783 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[165] Merops Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2798 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[166] Coracias Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 153 | 2801 | 2801 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[167] Brachypteracias Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 232 | 2722 | 2722 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[168] Leptosomus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 193 | 2761 | 2761 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[169] Upupa Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 184 | 2770 | 2770 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[170] Phoeniculus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 201 | 2753 | 2753 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[171] Tockus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 164 | 2792 | 2790 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[172] Galbula Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 175 | 2782 | 2779 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[173] Monasa Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 157 | 2797 | 2797 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[174] Megalaima Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 181 | 2774 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[175] Semornis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 181 | 2775 | 2773 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[176] Indicator Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 183 | 2771 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[177] Aulocorhynchus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 185 | 2770 | 2769 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[178] Ramphastos Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 173 | 2782 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[179] Jynx Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 194 | 2760 | 2760 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[180] Picoides Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 183 | 2776 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[181] Menura Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 199 | 2756 | 2755 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[182] Pitta Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 183 | 2772 | 2771 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[183] Pitangus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 159 | 2796 | 2795 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[184] Ptilonorhynchus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 162 | 2793 | 2792 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[185] Aphelocoma Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 156 | 2799 | 2798 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[186] Bombycilla Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 163 | 2792 | 2791 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[187] Parus Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 178 | 2777 | 2776 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
[188] Passer Taxon name last Modified on 03/16/17 | 173 | 2782 | 2781 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 1346 | |
Document downloads | 176 | Matrix without character names (49 downloads); Livezey Zusi codings (60 downloads); Read Me (32 downloads); Standard Assumptions (19 downloads); Standard Ordering (16 downloads); |
Matrix downloads | 295 | Morphology Matrix (295 downloads); |
Project downloads | 872 | |
Media downloads | 3 | M437548 (1 download); M437549 (1 download); M88756 (1 download); |