Project 5130: C. Hendrickx, T. H. Trapman, S. Wills, F. M. Holwerda, K. H. Stein, O. W. Rauhut, R. R. Melzer, J. V. Woensel, J. W. Reumer. 2024. A combined approach to identify isolated theropod teeth from the Cenomanian Kem Kem Group of Morocco: cladistic, discriminant, and machine learning analyses. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Not_assigned_yet:1-23.
Specimen: † Coelophysis (unvouchered)
View: dentition

Abstract

The Kem Kem Group of Southeastern Morocco, North Africa, is well known for theropod remains, especially isolated teeth. Here, a collection of isolated theropod teeth is assessed for diversity using a combination of linear discriminant, phylogenetic, and machine learning analyses for the first time. The results confirm earlier studies on Kem Kem theropod diversity, with teeth referred to Abelisauridae, Spinosaurinae, and Carcharodontosauridae. A single tooth is ascribed to a non-abelisauroid ceratosaur or a megaraptoran and may represent the enigmatic averostran Deltadromeus. Spinosaurine teeth are clearly differentiated by all three methodologies, whereas abelisaurid and carcharodontosaurid teeth could only be distinguished by the machine learning and phylogenetic analyses. This study shows that a combination of independent methods is most effective at providing strong evidence on theropod dental diversity in a particular assemblage, and that cladistic and machine learning analyses are the most reliable approaches to identify isolated dinosaur teeth. The methodology used here is likely to yield results in other dinosaur assemblages where isolated teeth are more abundant than body fossils.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2024.2311791

Project DOI: 10.7934/P5130, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5130
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 2 Matrices
  • 115 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 146 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 1.7M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 21835
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 237
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 423
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:215/22
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MorphoBank Project 5130

    Authors' Institutions

    • Paläontologisches Museum München (Palaeontological Museum, Munich)

    • Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam (Natural History Museum, Rotterdam)

    • Natural History Museum, London

    • Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Drumheller

    • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

    • Universiteit Utrecht

    • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)

    • Naturalis Biodiversity Center

    • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

    • Bavarian State Collection of Zoology

    • Vrije Universiteit Brussel

    • Birkbeck College, London



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    115112370021835
    (17656, 0, 4179)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29710' (110 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Herrerasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    127164015001
    [2] † Daemonosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    15706808001
    [3] † Eodromaeus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    36555005001
    [4] † Eoraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    8877508001
    [5] † Dracovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    14717106001
    [6] † Coelophysis
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    88473010001
    [7] † Liliensternus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    6847609001
    [8] † Dilophosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    5847907001
    [9] † Ceratosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11158703001
    [10] † Genyodectes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    7897707001
    [11] † Berberosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    41474406001
    [12] † Limusaurus juvenile
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    152623053001
    [13] † Noasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    38474607001
    [14] † Masiakasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    01018704001
    [15] † Kryptops
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    39474507001
    [16] † Rugops
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    31565307001
    [17] † Abelisaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    9867804001
    [18] † Aucasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    33585206001
    [19] † Arcovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    34565007001
    [20] † Chenanisaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    10847605001
    [21] † Indosuchus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    27675608001
    [22] † Majungasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    31018503001
    [23] † Skorpiovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11787505001
    [24] † Chilesaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    184846027001
    [25] † Piatnitzkysaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    29736002001
    [26] † Marshosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3918206001
    [27] † Monolophosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11897703001
    [28] † Sciuruminus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    175246028001
    [29] † Eustreptospondylus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    22646207001
    [30] † Afrovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    33575404001
    [31] † Dubreuillosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2888108001
    [32] † Duriavenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11817307001
    [33] † Megalosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    35665303001
    [34] † Torvosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    10907803001
    [35] † Baryonyx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2948603001
    [36] † Suchomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11917703001
    [37] † Irritator angaturama
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    353230026001
    [38] † Spinosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    45750037001
    [39] † Erectopus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    35535006001
    [40] † Yangchuanosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63292602001
    [41] † Sinraptor dongi
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11108604001
    [42] † Sinraptor hepingensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    36575104001
    [43] † Allosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    01288803001
    [44] † Neovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    29645903001
    [45] † Fukuiraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    17847103001
    [46] † Australovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    29675804001
    [47] † Megaraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    96561021001
    [48] † Orkoraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    403733018001
    [49] † Acrocanthosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    7998103001
    [50] † Eocarcharia
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    35565006001
    [51] † Carcharodontosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    29706101001
    [52] † Giganotosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3998602001
    [53] † Mapusaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    5998303001
    [54] † Bicentenaria
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    19676606001
    [55] † Zuolong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    20726605001
    [56] † Proceratosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    8887607001
    [57] † Guanlong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    8917607001
    [58] † Dilong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11108406001
    [59] † Eotyrannus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    7817608001
    [60] † Raptorex
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    6897906001
    [61] † Gorgosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11098406001
    [62] † Alioramus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    32625405001
    [63] † Daspletosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    01178803001
    [64] † Tyrannosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    11088703001
    [65] † Compsognathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    65649036001
    [66] † Juravenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    105851030001
    [67] † Scipionyx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    154540036001
    [68] † Ornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    67461024001
    [69] † Nqwebasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    351818038001
    [70] † Pelecanimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    83531052001
    [71] † Shenzhousaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    73030054001
    [72] † Aorun
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    154439037001
    [73] † Haplocheirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    136458020001
    [74] † Shuvuuia
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63333052001
    [75] † Mononykus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    332020038001
    [76] † Eshanosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    32595108001
    [77] † Falcarius
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    08771020001
    [78] † Jianchangosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3828008001
    [79] † Segnosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    34685007001
    [80] † Erlikosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    57371015001
    [81] † Incisivosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    265449016001
    [82] † Caudipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    22218071001
    [83] † Halszkaraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    162827048001
    [84] † Buitreraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    312621039001
    [85] † Microraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    76652032001
    [86] † Sinornithosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    61007906001
    [87] † Graciliraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    40514506001
    [88] † Dromaeosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    6937906001
    [89] † Atrociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    21038306001
    [90] † Bambiraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    36544807001
    [91] † Tsaagan
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    95753029001
    [92] † Velociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    97266016001
    [93] † Deinonychus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    1998406001
    [94] † Saurornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    01028506001
    [95] † MPC d100 1128
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    34036052001
    [96] † Almas
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63633052001
    [97] † Sinusonasus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    135343035001
    [98] † Byronosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    74433051001
    [99] † Zanabazar
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    18746508001
    [100] † Troodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2998405001
    [101] † Epidexipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    73330054001
    [102] † Archaeopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63533052001
    [103] † Kem-Morpho1a
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    64292601001
    [104] † Kem-Morpho1b
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    37584707001
    [105] † Kem-Morpho1
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    12867207001
    [106] † Kem-Morpho2
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    374025029001
    [107] † Kem-Morpho3a
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63372800001
    [108] † Kem-Morpho3b
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    40644803001
    [109] † Kem-Morpho3
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    131007503001
    [110] † Kem-Morpho4
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    44424007001


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29711' (115 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Herrerasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    30108101015001
    [2] † Daemonosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3810210008001
    [3] † Eoraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3711310108001
    [4] † Eodromaeus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    70767105001
    [5] † Coelophysis
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    12124113021001
    [6] † Liliensternus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    47989009001
    [7] † Dracovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    50909006001
    [8] † Dilophosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2412011507001
    [9] † Ceratosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    117114104001
    [10] † Genyodectes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2912211007001
    [11] † Berberosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    96474406001
    [12] † Limusaurus juvenile
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    335750063001
    [13] † Limusaurus adult
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    0440142001
    [14] † Noasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    85555407001
    [15] † Masiakasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3412210804001
    [16] † Kryptops
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    89525007001
    [17] † Rugops
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    64787507001
    [18] † Abelisaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    52989004001
    [19] † Arcovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    89565007001
    [20] † Chenanisaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    61888005001
    [21] † Indosuchus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    481019008001
    [22] † Majungasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    415613903001
    [23] † Aucasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    68787206001
    [24] † Skorpiovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    52928905001
    [25] † Chilesaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    606058028001
    [26] † Piatnitzkysaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    71867302001
    [27] † Marshosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2312611706001
    [28] † Monolophosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3611910703001
    [29] † Sciuruminus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    428276028001
    [30] † Eustreptospondylus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    48939107001
    [31] † Afrovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    79666304001
    [32] † Dubreuillosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2012511808001
    [33] † Duriavenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    421059707001
    [34] † Megalosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    70867303001
    [35] † Torvosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3012411204001
    [36] † Baryonyx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2213012103001
    [37] † Suchomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3012711303001
    [38] † Irritator angaturama
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    685452026001
    [39] † Spinosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    229687037001
    [40] † Erectopus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    87565306001
    [41] † Yangchuanosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    85655902001
    [42] † Sinraptor dongi
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2014812204001
    [43] † Sinraptor hepingensis
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    57928504001
    [44] † Allosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    018514303001
    [45] † Neovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    49999403001
    [46] † Fukuiraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    63938003001
    [47] † Australovenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    75766704001
    [48] † Megaraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    468479021001
    [49] † Orkoraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    953733018001
    [50] † Acrocanthosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2513611803001
    [51] † Eocarcharia
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    83635706001
    [52] † Carcharodontosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    68867701001
    [53] † Giganotosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2713011702001
    [54] † Mapusaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    461139703001
    [55] † Bicentenaria
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    66757406001
    [56] † Zuolong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    53948805001
    [57] † Proceratosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2712411207001
    [58] † Guanlong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    401149907001
    [59] † Dilong
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2214511806001
    [60] † Eotyrannus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3111210708001
    [61] † Raptorex
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2412611606001
    [62] † Gorgosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    116513906001
    [63] † Alioramus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    67827405001
    [64] † Daspletosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    017214006001
    [65] † Tyrannosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    115913807001
    [66] † Compsognathus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    338477036001
    [67] † Juravenator
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    457871030001
    [68] † Scipionyx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    367873037001
    [69] † Ornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2511197024001
    [70] † Nqwebasaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    852323038001
    [71] † Pelecanimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    405854052001
    [72] † Shenzhousaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    264040080001
    [73] † Garudimimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    0440142001
    [74] † Struthiomimus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    0440142001
    [75] † Aorun
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    397570037001
    [76] † Haplocheirus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    369790020001
    [77] † Shuvuuia
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    425252052001
    [78] † Mononykus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    882020038001
    [79] † Eshanosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    80665808001
    [80] † Falcarius
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2311698025001
    [81] † Jianchangosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    259896025001
    [82] † Segnosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    83745607001
    [83] † Erlikosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    288987031001
    [84] † Incisivosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    459185016001
    [85] † Caudipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    293127090001
    [86] † Chirostenotes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    0440142001
    [87] † Citipati
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    0440142001
    [88] † Halszkaraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    415857048001
    [89] † Buitreraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    753732039001
    [90] † Microraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3010084032001
    [91] † Sinornithosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2813311206001
    [92] † Graciliraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    91554906001
    [93] † Dromaeosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    13136122011001
    [94] † Atrociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    2313711706001
    [95] † Bambiraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    508579017001
    [96] † Saurornitholestes
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    17135117012001
    [97] † Tsaagan
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    309187029001
    [98] † Velociraptor
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    13119111022001
    [99] † Deinonychus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3147132011001
    [100] † MPC d100 1128
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    405854052001
    [101] † Almas
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    137471062001
    [102] † Sinusonasus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    457766035001
    [103] † Byronosaurus
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    118574061001
    [104] † Zanabazar
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    3611210208001
    [105] † Troodon
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    27123108011001
    [106] † Epidexipteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    326158056001
    [107] † Archaeopteryx
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    277167052001
    [108] † Kem-Morpho1a
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    119292601001
    [109] † Kem-Morpho1b
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    92584707001
    [110] † Kem-Morpho1
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    67867207001
    [111] † Kem-Morpho2
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    924025029001
    [112] † Kem-Morpho3a
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    118372800001
    [113] † Kem-Morpho3b
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    95644803001
    [114] † Kem-Morpho3
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    681007503001
    [115] † Kem-Morpho4
    Taxon name last Modified on 03/15/24
    99424007001


    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project8
    Matrix downloads8KemKem Crown Data Matrix (4 downloads); KemKem Dentition data matrix (4 downloads);