Project 529: M. Churchill, R. W. Boessenecker, M. T. Clementz. 2014. Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) revealed by combined evidence phylogenetic and Bayesian biogeographical analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (1):200-225.
Abstract
Fur seals and sea lions (Carnivora: Otariidae) evolved in the North Pacific and later dispersed throughout the Southern Hemisphere. However, the timing and number of dispersals into the Southern Hemisphere still remain poorly understood. To determine the biogeographical patterns of dispersal within fur seals and sea lions, we conducted cladistic analyses using combined evidence incorporating morphological and molecular data. The phylogeny produced in this study was then incorporated into Bayesian biogeographical analyses to reconstruct ancestral points of origin and dispersal patterns for otariid clades. Combined evidence analyses supported Callorhinus as the earliest diverging extant otariid, and a strongly supported northern sea lion clade (Zalophus, Eumetopias, and Proterozetes) as the sister group to a southern clade comprising the remainder of Otariidae. Fossil data constrained the timing and location of this dispersal as occurring between 6 and 7 Mya during a period of unusually cool sea surface temperatures and high productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific, far older than suggested by prior studies. Our study indicates that the distribution of fur seals and sea lions is tightly linked to sea surface temperature and productivity, and suggests that otariids may be vulnerable to future anthropogenic climate change. © 2014 The Linnean Society of LondonRead the article »
Article DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12163
Project DOI: 10.7934/P529, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P529
This project contains | Matrices |
---|---|
Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 2309 Total media associated with cells: 1336 Total labels associated with cell media: 1124 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 107 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 281 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:107/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 529
MorphoBank Project 529
- Creation Date:
12 June 2011 - Publication Date:
05 August 2014 - Media downloads: 264
- Matrix downloads: 70
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- University of California Berkeley
- University of Otago
- University of Wyoming
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Morgan Churchill Project Administrator | 46 | 104 | 2621 | 97 | 0 | 0 | 1951 (1951, 0, 0) | 1224 | 1004 | 0 | ||||
Annalisa Berta Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Robert Boessenecker Full membership | 0 | 6 | 54 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 358 (358, 0, 0) | 112 | 120 | 0 | ||||
Mark Clementz Observer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
MorphoBank Curator Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1203' (27 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Enaliarctos emlongi Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 21 | 87 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 59 | 58 | 5 |
[2] † Pteronarctos goedertae Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 26 | 81 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 58 | 54 | 5 |
[3] Arctocephalus pusillus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 107 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 55 | 5 |
[4] Arctophoca gazella Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 107 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 54 | 5 |
[5] Arctophoca tropicalis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 107 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 54 | 5 |
[6] Arctophoca philippii Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 106 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 49 | 5 |
[7] Arctophoca australis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 107 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 59 | 5 |
[8] Arctophoca galapagoensis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 0 | 107 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 51 | 5 |
[9] Callorhinus ursinus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 106 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 67 | 55 | 5 |
[10] Zalophus californianus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2 | 105 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 69 | 57 | 5 |
[11] Zalophus wollebaeki Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 106 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 55 | 5 |
[12] † Zalophus japonicus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2 | 105 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 55 | 5 |
[13] Eumetopias jubatus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 2 | 105 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 55 | 5 |
[14] Neophoca cinerea Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 3 | 105 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 57 | 5 |
[15] Phocarctos hookeri Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 107 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 60 | 5 |
[16] Otaria byronia Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 1 | 106 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 63 | 5 |
[17] † Pithanotaria starri Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 57 | 50 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 5 |
[18] † Hydrarctos lomasiensis Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 33 | 74 | 74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[19] † Thalassoleon mexicanus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 15 | 92 | 43 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 49 | 5 |
[20] † Thalassoleon macnallyae Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 54 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[21] † USNM 263570 Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 79 | 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[22] † Thalassoleon inouei Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 84 | 23 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 5 |
[23] † Proterozetes ulysses Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 33 | 74 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 52 | 52 | 5 |
[24] † Callorhinus gilmorei Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 63 | 44 | 37 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 5 |
[25] † Neophoca palatina Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 62 | 45 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
[26] † Proneotherium repenningi Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 28 | 79 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 59 | 5 |
[27] Odobenus rosmarus Taxon name last Modified on 12/05/13 | 14 | 93 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 43 | 5 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 766 | |
Media downloads | 264 | M87529 (1 download); M101634 (1 download); M101040 (1 download); M101602 (1 download); M101585 (1 download); M101056 (1 download); M101041 (1 download); M101538 (2 downloads); M101570 (1 download); M101055 (1 download); M101649 (1 download); M101038 (1 download); M101101 (1 download); M101039 (1 download); M101057 (1 download); M101541 (1 download); M101044 (1 download); M101606 (1 download); M101885 (2 downloads); M101695 (1 download); M101696 (1 download); M101715 (1 download); M101742 (1 download); M101744 (1 download); M101750 (1 download); M101753 (1 download); M102243 (1 download); M87133 (1 download); M87134 (1 download); M87135 (1 download); M87136 (1 download); M87138 (1 download); M87142 (1 download); M87146 (1 download); M87148 (1 download); M87151 (1 download); M87153 (1 download); M87257 (1 download); M87016 (1 download); M87018 (1 download); M87022 (1 download); M87030 (1 download); M87031 (1 download); M87032 (2 downloads); M87036 (1 download); M87044 (1 download); M87045 (1 download); M87046 (4 downloads); M87047 (1 download); M87034 (1 download); M87025 (1 download); M98952 (1 download); M98049 (1 download); M98033 (1 download); M98051 (1 download); M98052 (1 download); M98054 (1 download); M98055 (1 download); M98334 (1 download); M98901 (1 download); M98893 (1 download); M98402 (1 download); M98330 (1 download); M98338 (1 download); M98088 (1 download); M98902 (1 download); M98964 (1 download); M101037 (1 download); M101047 (1 download); M101777 (1 download); M101853 (1 download); M101857 (1 download); M98909 (1 download); M91338 (1 download); M91343 (1 download); M91344 (1 download); M91347 (1 download); M91349 (1 download); M91355 (2 downloads); M91357 (1 download); M91361 (1 download); M91364 (1 download); M91366 (2 downloads); M91376 (1 download); M91377 (1 download); M91837 (1 download); M91820 (1 download); M91815 (2 downloads); M93462 (2 downloads); M87324 (1 download); M94450 (1 download); M91838 (1 download); M101701 (1 download); M101864 (1 download); M91378 (1 download); M91346 (1 download); M91362 (1 download); M91363 (1 download); M91370 (1 download); M91384 (1 download); M91380 (1 download); M91379 (1 download); M91381 (1 download); M91383 (1 download); M91386 (1 download); M91390 (1 download); M91391 (1 download); M91395 (1 download); M91398 (1 download); M91399 (1 download); M91400 (1 download); M91401 (1 download); M91403 (1 download); M91407 (1 download); M91412 (1 download); M91411 (1 download); M91414 (1 download); M91415 (1 download); M91416 (1 download); M91417 (1 download); M100979 (1 download); M100981 (1 download); M100982 (1 download); M100983 (1 download); M100984 (1 download); M100985 (1 download); M100987 (1 download); M100994 (1 download); M100995 (1 download); M100996 (36 downloads); M100997 (1 download); M100999 (1 download); M91805 (1 download); M91806 (1 download); M91807 (1 download); M91808 (1 download); M91813 (1 download); M91814 (1 download); M91816 (1 download); M91817 (1 download); M91822 (1 download); M91823 (1 download); M91824 (1 download); M91825 (1 download); M91826 (1 download); M91831 (1 download); M91832 (1 download); M91833 (1 download); M91834 (1 download); M91835 (1 download); M91840 (1 download); M91842 (1 download); M91843 (1 download); M91844 (1 download); M91122 (1 download); M91124 (1 download); M91125 (1 download); M91126 (1 download); M91129 (2 downloads); M91133 (1 download); M91135 (1 download); M91139 (1 download); M91141 (1 download); M91142 (1 download); M91145 (1 download); M91149 (1 download); M91151 (1 download); M91154 (1 download); M91157 (1 download); M91158 (1 download); M91169 (1 download); M91165 (1 download); M91166 (1 download); M91168 (1 download); M91170 (1 download); M91171 (1 download); M91693 (1 download); M91694 (1 download); M91700 (1 download); M91701 (1 download); M91703 (1 download); M91705 (1 download); M91708 (1 download); M91713 (1 download); M91714 (2 downloads); M91716 (1 download); M91718 (1 download); M91719 (2 downloads); M91720 (1 download); M91724 (1 download); M91721 (1 download); M91722 (1 download); M91725 (1 download); M91727 (1 download); M91728 (1 download); M91730 (1 download); M91731 (1 download); M91732 (1 download); M92746 (1 download); M91711 (1 download); M91707 (1 download); M91699 (1 download); M91698 (1 download); M91704 (1 download); M91702 (1 download); M101058 (1 download); M101060 (1 download); M101061 (1 download); M101059 (1 download); M101063 (1 download); M101062 (1 download); M101064 (1 download); M101065 (1 download); M101066 (1 download); M101169 (1 download); M87060 (1 download); |
Matrix downloads | 70 | Otariidae (70 downloads); |
Document downloads | 19 | Combined Evidence analysis TnT file (19 downloads); |
Project downloads | 413 |