Morphobank

Project 5358: M. Wang, J. O'Connor, Z. Zhou. 2019. A taxonomical revision of the Confuciusornithiformes (Aves: Pygostylia). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 57:1-37.

Specimen: † Archaeopteryx (unvouchered)
View: whole specimen (fossil)

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Abstract

The Confuciusornithiformes is a basal clade of Early Cretaceous birds that includes the oldest and most basal birds with a toothless beak and an abbreviated bony tail. Over the last two decades, thousands of specimens have been collected, more than for any other group of Mesozoic birds or non-avian dinosaurs. Ten species separated into four genera have been erected with limited taxonomic phylogenetic scrutiny. Here, we perform a comparative study of these ten species, and demonstrate that most of these taxa were originally diagnosed by characters that prove to be either preservational artifacts, intraspecific variations, subject to ontogenetic variation, or widely distributed among the Confuciusornithiformes or a more phylogenetically inclusive group. Our results suggest that ‘Confuciusornis suniae’, ‘Confuciusornis feducciai’, ‘Jinzhouornis yixianensis’, ‘Jinzhouornis zhangjiyingia’, and ‘Confuciusornis jianchangensis’ are all junior synonyms of Confuciusornis sanctus. ‘Confuciusornis chuonzhous’ lacks autapomorphies of C. sanctus and is referred to Confuciusornithiformes incertae sedis. Our taxonomic reappraisal of published materials indicates that the Confuciusornithiformes consists of one family, three genera, and four species: Confuciusornis sanctus, Confuciusornis dui, Changchengornis hengdaoziensis, and Eoconfuciusornis zhengi, for which we provide revised diagnoses.

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Article DOI: 10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.180530

Project DOI: 10.7934/P5358, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5358

This project contains	Matrices
2 Media 1 Matrix 1 Document 68 Taxa 2 Specimens 280 Characters Total size of project's media files: 12.82M Download Project SDD File	Total scored cells: 9853 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0
	Characters
	Total characters: 280 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 730 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:256/24

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MorphoBank Project 5358

Creation Date:
08 July 2024
Publication Date:
17 September 2024
Matrix downloads: 2

Authors' Institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS

Members

Shreya Jariwala
Project Administrator

280

9853
(9853, 0, 0)

Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M29959' (68 Taxa)

taxon	unscored cells	scored cells	no cell support	NPA cells	"-" cells	cell images	labels on cell images	member access
[1] † Dromaeosauridae Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	17	269	263	0	0	0	0	1
[2] † Archaeopteryx Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	57	223	223	0	0	0	0	1
[3] † Jeholornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	98	186	182	0	0	0	0	1
[4] † Chongmingia Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	171	113	109	0	0	0	0	1
[5] † Sapeornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	87	195	193	0	0	0	0	1
[6] † Confuciusornis sanctus Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	32	250	248	0	0	0	0	1
[7] † Changchengornis hengdaoziensis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	155	127	125	0	0	0	0	1
[8] † Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	141	142	139	0	0	0	0	1
[9] † Confuciusornis dui Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	193	94	87	0	0	0	0	1
[10] † Boluochia Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	236	50	44	0	0	0	0	1
[11] † Concornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	169	115	111	0	0	0	0	1
[12] † Elsornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	195	92	85	0	0	0	0	1
[13] † Eoalulavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	180	100	100	0	0	0	0	1
[14] † Cathayornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	142	143	138	0	0	0	0	1
[15] † Eocathayornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	201	80	79	0	0	0	0	1
[16] † Eoenantiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	158	130	122	0	0	0	0	1
[17] † Gobipteryx Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	183	104	97	0	0	0	0	1
[18] † Longipteryx Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	118	166	162	0	0	0	0	1
[19] † Longirostravis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	157	131	123	0	0	0	0	1
[20] † Neuquenornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	202	82	78	0	0	0	0	1
[21] † Pengornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	146	143	134	0	0	0	0	1
[22] † Eopengornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	133	150	147	0	0	0	0	1
[23] † Protopteryx Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	154	137	126	0	0	0	0	1
[24] † Rapaxavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	120	166	160	0	0	0	0	1
[25] † Shanweiniao Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	183	108	97	0	0	0	0	1
[26] † Vescornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	141	149	139	0	0	0	0	1
[27] † Qiliania Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	222	60	58	0	0	0	0	1
[28] † Dunhuangia Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	205	78	75	0	0	0	0	1
[29] † Piscivorenantiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	270	10	10	0	0	0	0	1
[30] † Linyiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	92	193	188	0	0	0	0	1
[31] † Sulcavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	146	150	134	0	0	0	0	1
[32] † Bohaiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	93	196	187	0	0	0	0	1
[33] † Longusunguis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	110	178	170	0	0	0	0	1
[34] † Shenqiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	143	147	137	0	0	0	0	1
[35] † Zhouornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	111	174	169	0	0	0	0	1
[36] † Parabohaiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	83	204	197	0	0	0	0	1
[37] † Fortunguavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	125	156	155	0	0	0	0	1
[38] † Pterygornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	77	206	203	0	0	0	0	1
[39] † Cruralispennia Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	175	109	105	0	0	0	0	1
[40] † Monoenantiornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	149	131	131	0	0	0	0	1
[41] † Archaeorhynchus Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	96	193	184	0	0	0	0	1
[42] † Schizooura Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	115	183	165	0	0	0	0	1
[43] † Bellulornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	136	148	144	0	0	0	0	1
[44] † Vorona Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	237	44	43	0	0	0	0	1
[45] † Jianchangornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	134	152	146	0	0	0	0	1
[46] † Songlingornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	245	37	35	0	0	0	0	1
[47] † Longicrusavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	120	164	160	0	0	0	0	1
[48] † Apsaravis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	128	156	152	0	0	0	0	1
[49] † Hongshanornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	150	134	130	0	0	0	0	1
[50] † Archaeornithura Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	149	138	131	0	0	0	0	1
[51] † Parahongshanornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	177	105	103	0	0	0	0	1
[52] † Tianyuornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	169	114	111	0	0	0	0	1
[53] † Yanornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	98	186	182	0	0	0	0	1
[54] † Patagopteryx Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	119	162	161	0	0	0	0	1
[55] † Yixianornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	96	187	184	0	0	0	0	1
[56] † Piscivoravis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	112	174	168	0	0	0	0	1
[57] † Iteravis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	90	196	190	0	0	0	0	1
[58] † Gansus Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	86	196	194	0	0	0	0	1
[59] † Ichthyornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	64	219	216	0	0	0	0	1
[60] † Hesperornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	95	185	185	0	0	0	0	1
[61] † Parahesperornsi Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	185	95	95	0	0	0	0	1
[62] † Enaliornis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	234	46	46	0	0	0	0	1
[63] † Baptornis advenus Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	132	149	148	0	0	0	0	1
[64] † Baptornis varneri Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	225	55	55	0	0	0	0	1
[65] † Vegavis Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	187	95	93	0	0	0	0	1
[66] Anas Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	11	269	269	0	0	0	0	1
[67] Gallus Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	11	269	269	0	0	0	0	1
[68] † V18929 Taxon name last Modified on 07/08/24	118	165	162	0	0	0	0	1

Project downloads

type	number of downloads	Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
Total downloads from project	2
Matrix downloads	2	Wang et al 2019 (2 downloads);