Project 5421: J. Abella, M. Alba, J. M. Robles, A. Valenciano, C. Rotgers, R. Carmona, P. Montoya, J. Morales. 2012. Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the Oldest Member of the Giant Panda Clade. PLOS ONE. 7 (11):e48985.
Abstract
The phylogenetic position of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Carnivora: Ursidae: Ailuropodinae), has been one of the most hotly debated topics by mammalian biologists and paleontologists during the last century. Based on molecular data, it is currently recognized as a true ursid, sister-taxon of the remaining extant bears, from which it would have diverged by the Early Miocene. However, from a paleobiogeographic and chronological perspective, the origin of the giant panda lineage has remained elusive due to the scarcity of the available Miocene fossil record. Until recently, the genus Ailurarctos from the Late Miocene of China (ca. 8–7 mya) was recognized as the oldest undoubted member of the Ailuropodinae, suggesting that the panda lineage might have originated from an Ursavus ancestor. The role of the purported ailuropodine Agriarctos, from the Miocene of Europe, in the origins of this clade has been generally dismissed due to the paucity of the available material. Here, we describe a new ailuropodine genus, Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., based on remains from two Middle Miocene (ca. 12–11 Ma) Spanish localities. A cladistic analysis of fossil and extant members of the Ursoidea confirms the inclusion of the new genus into the Ailuropodinae. Moreover, Kretzoiarctos precedes in time the previously-known, Late Miocene members of the giant panda clade from Eurasia (Agriarctos and Ailurarctos). The former can be therefore considered the oldest recorded member of the giant panda lineage, which has significant implications for understanding the origins of this clade from a paleobiogeographic viewpoint.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048985
Project DOI: 10.7934/P5421, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P5421
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 1312 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 82 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 169 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:82/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 5421
MorphoBank Project 5421
- Creation Date:
27 July 2024 - Publication Date:
26 August 2024
Authors' Institutions
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
- Universitat de València
- Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC-UCM)
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont
- FOSSILIA Serveis Paleontològics i Geològics
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Latimer Kells Project Administrator | 19 | 1 | 1 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 1312 (1311, 0, 1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Shreya Jariwala Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M30075' (19 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Zaragocyon daamsi Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 30 | 52 | 52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[2] † Ballusia elmensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 29 | 53 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[3] † Ursavus brevirhinus Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 31 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[4] † Ursavus primaevus Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 42 | 40 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[5] † Indarctos vireti Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 3 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[6] † Indarctos arctoides Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[7] † Indarctos punjabiensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 1 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[8] † Kretzoiarctos beatrix Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 25 | 57 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[9] † Agriarctos spp. Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 44 | 38 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[10] † Ailurarctos lufengensis Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[11] Ailuropoda melanoleuca Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[12] Tremarctos ornatus Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[13] Ursus arctos Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[14] Ursus americanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[15] Ursus thibetanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[16] Helarctos malayanus Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[17] Ursus maritimus Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[18] Melursus ursinus Taxon name last Modified on 08/18/24 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
[19] Canis lupus Taxon name last Modified on 08/15/24 | 0 | 81 | 81 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |