Project 631: R. J. Garwood, J. A. Dunlop, G. Giribet, M. D. Sutton. 2011. Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones. Nature Communications. 2 (444).
Abstract
Harvestmen, the third most-diverse arachnid order, are an ancient group found on all continental landmasses, except Antarctica. However, a terrestrial mode of life and leathery, poorly mineralized exoskeleton makes preservation unlikely, and their fossil record is limited. The few Palaeozoic species discovered to date appear surprisingly modern, but are too poorly preserved to allow unequivocal taxonomic placement. Here, we use high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography to describe two new harvestmen from the Carboniferous (~305 Myr) of France. The resulting computer models allow the first phylogenetic analysis of any Palaeozoic Opiliones, explicitly resolving both specimens as members of different extant lineages, and providing corroboration for molecular estimates of an early Palaeozoic radiation within the order. Furthermore, remarkable similarities between these fossils and extant harvestmen implies extensive morphological stasis in the order. Compared with other arachnids—and terrestrial arthropods generally—harvestmen are amongst the first groups to evolve fully modern body plans.Read the article »
Project DOI: 10.7934/P631, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P631
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 8831 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 253 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 542 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:253/0 |
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MorphoBank Project 631
MorphoBank Project 631
- Creation Date:
19 November 2011 - Publication Date:
14 January 2012 - Project views: 39446
- Matrix downloads: 4
Authors' Institutions
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin
- Harvard University
- Imperial College London
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||
MorphoBank Curator Project Administrator | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Maureen Admin Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jason Dunlop Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Russell Garwood Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Gonzalo Giribet Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Jo Wolfe Full membership ![]() | 44 | 0 | 0 | 253 | 0 | 0 | 8831 (7630, 0, 1201) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1446' (44 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Limulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 42 | 161 | 161 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[2] Carcinoscorpius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 44 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[3] Androctonus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 45 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[4] Belisarius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 38 | 166 | 166 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[5] Siro Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[6] Parasiro Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 176 | 176 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[7] Stylocellus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[8] StylocellusJP Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 179 | 179 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[9] Dalquestia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[10] Odiellus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 196 | 196 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[11] Phalangium Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 197 | 197 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[12] Opilio Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[13] Astrobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[14] Nelima Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[15] Leiobunum Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 32 | 199 | 199 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[16] Hadrobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[17] Caddo Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 186 | 186 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[18] Ischyropsalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[19] Hesperonemastoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[20] Ceratolasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[21] Sabacon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[22] Taracus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 182 | 182 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[23] Dicranolasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[24] Centetostoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 50 | 177 | 177 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[25] Ortholasma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[26] Nemastoma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 33 | 191 | 191 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[27] Nipponopsalis Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 48 | 180 | 180 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[28] Trogulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 190 | 190 | 0 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[29] Halitherses Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 150 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[30] Ameticos scolos Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 190 | 49 | 49 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[31] Macrogyion cronus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 187 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[32] Equitius Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 56 | 175 | 175 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[33] Triaenobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 58 | 173 | 173 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[34] Zuma Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 58 | 173 | 173 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[35] Oncopus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[36] Gnomulus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 47 | 184 | 183 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[37] Scotolemon Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 35 | 192 | 192 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[38] Maiorerus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 38 | 187 | 187 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[39] Bishopella Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 45 | 183 | 183 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[40] Gnidia Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 43 | 185 | 185 | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[41] Pachyloides Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 193 | 193 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[42] Hoplobunus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 45 | 181 | 181 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[43] Solifugae Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 157 | 157 | 0 | 62 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
[44] Pseudoscorpiones Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 34 | 163 | 163 | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 6 ![]() |
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 39446 | |
Project overview | 3654 | |
Specimen list | 3105 | |
Taxon list | 18924 | |
Documents list | 1899 | |
Bibliography | 1206 | |
Media views | 6254 | Media search (5313 views); M97158 (941 views); |
Views for media list | 1722 | |
Matrix views | 2682 | Matrix landing page (2351 views); Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen (331 views); |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 360 | |
Document downloads | 1 | Copyright statement (1 download); |
Project downloads | 355 | |
Matrix downloads | 4 | Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen (4 downloads); |