Project 667: F. L. Agnolin, N. R. Chimento. 2021. Afrotherian affinities for endemic South American “ungulates”. Mammalian Biology. 76 (2):101-108.
Abstract
Cranial endocasts are one of the most direct tools available to obtain information about the endocranial cavity of fossil mammals, but few anatomical comparisons have analyzed endocranial data within a phylogenetic framework. Our study combines analyses of new digital endocasts from high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) for two notoungulates, Cochilius sp. and Notostylops murinus, with data from published anatomical descriptions and endocasts (prior µCT digital endocasts and natural and extracted plaster endocasts), resulting in 22 endocranial characters (11 new) scored on 20 notoungulates and five outgroups. These data permitted a comparative study of cranial endocasts of notoungulates, an enigmatic group of extinct South American mammals, shedding light on several important issues concerning their phylogenetic relationships. The new endocranial data were integrated into a craniodental and postcranial matrix, resulting in 259 characters across 65 taxa, the most comprehensive character and taxon sampling to date and the only one including a substantial suite of endocranial characters. We further performed ancestral state reconstructions for endocranial characters using parsimony optimization on the resulting phylogenetic trees. Body mass estimates and endocranial volumes were used to calculate Encephalization Quotients (EQs) and Phylogenetic Encephalization Quotients (PEQs), which then were optimized onto the phylogenies. Endocast data from ancestral character state reconstructions bear on relationships among meridiungulates, revealing that many endocast characters may be synapomorphies for Notoungulata and other clades within the group. Notoungulates, in general, display relatively low EQs when compared with Holarctic herbivorous mammals, potentially due to their long history of evolution in isolation in South America during the Cenozoic.Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2010.12.001
Project DOI: 10.7934/P667, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P667
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File | Total scored cells: 16846 Total media associated with cells: 0 Total labels associated with cell media: 0 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 259 Total characters with associated media: 0 Total characters with media with labels: 0 Total character states: 568 Total character states with associated media: 0 Total character states with media with labels:0 Total unordered/ordered characters:259/0 |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 667
MorphoBank Project 667
- Creation Date:
26 January 2012 - Publication Date:
26 November 2021 - Project views: 9987
- Media downloads: 1
- Matrix downloads: 22
This research
supported by
Authors' Institutions
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia
- Museo de La Plata
- Universidad Maimonides
Members
member name | taxa | specimens | media | chars | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules | ||||||
Fernando Perini Project Administrator | 64 | 1 | 1 | 212 | 0 | 0 | 13885 (8762, 4611, 512) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
John Flynn Full membership | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Thomas Macrini Full membership | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 2961 (481, 2470, 10) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1514' (65 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells |
no cell support |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Phenacodus primaevus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 186 | 186 | 27 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[2] † Hyopsodus lepidus Last Modified in 12/05/13 | 0 | 204 | 204 | 11 | 44 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[3] † Protolipterna ellipsodontoides Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 71 | 71 | 161 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[4] † Tetramerorhinus lucarius Last Modified in 03/07/20 | 0 | 168 | 168 | 43 | 48 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[5] † Trigonostylops wortmani Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 127 | 127 | 107 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[6] † Astrapotherium magnum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 162 | 161 | 59 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[7] † Carodnia vieirai Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 98 | 98 | 134 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[8] † Pyrotherium romeroi Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 124 | 124 | 97 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[9] † Simpsonotus praecursor Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 147 | 147 | 110 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[10] † Notostylops murinus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 208 | 208 | 43 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[11] † Anisotemnus distentus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 94 | 94 | 163 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[12] † Thomashuxleya externa Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 160 | 159 | 98 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[13] † Oldfieldthomasia debilitata Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 161 | 161 | 96 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[14] † Colbertia magellanica Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 160 | 159 | 99 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[15] † Acropithecus rigidus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 99 | 99 | 158 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[16] † Eopachyrucos pliciferus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 42 | 42 | 215 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[17] † Santiagorothia chiliensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 1 | 142 | 142 | 113 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[18] † Proargyrohyrax curanderensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 198 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[19] † Progaleopithecus tournoueri Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 124 | 124 | 132 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[20] † Federicoanaya sallaensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 167 | 166 | 90 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[21] † Archaeophylus patrius Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 204 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[22] † Plagiarthrus clivus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 123 | 123 | 133 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[23] † Cochilius volvens Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 183 | 183 | 75 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[24] † Interatherium robustum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 183 | 183 | 73 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[25] † Punapithecus minor Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 65 | 65 | 192 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[26] † Miocochilius anomopodus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 187 | 187 | 69 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[27] † Protypotherium australe Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 202 | 201 | 55 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[28] † Johnbel hatcheri Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 81 | 81 | 176 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[29] † Ignigena minisculus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 69 | 69 | 188 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[30] † Transpithecus obtentus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 74 | 74 | 183 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[31] † Guilielmoscottia plicifera Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 68 | 68 | 189 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[32] † Antepithecus brachystephanus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 108 | 108 | 149 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[33] † Epipatriarchus bifidens Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 82 | 82 | 176 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[34] † Altitypotherium chucalensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 115 | 115 | 131 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[35] † Pseudotypotherium pseudopachygnathum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 185 | 185 | 61 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[36] † Typotheriopsis internum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 187 | 187 | 59 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[37] † Archaeohyrax suniensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 163 | 162 | 95 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[38] † Archaeotypotherium tinguiriricaense Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 113 | 113 | 144 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[39] † Mesotherium cristatum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 186 | 186 | 60 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[40] † Trachytherus alloxus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 208 | 207 | 48 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[41] † Plesiotypotherium casirense Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 168 | 168 | 77 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[42] † Hegetotherium mirabile Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 196 | 195 | 62 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[43] † Pachyrukhos moyani Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 196 | 196 | 47 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[44] † Paedotherium bonaerense Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 165 | 165 | 78 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[45] † Campanorco inauguralis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 119 | 119 | 138 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[46] † Pleurostylodon modicus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 150 | 149 | 108 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[47] † Rhyphodon lankesteri Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 136 | 136 | 120 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[48] † Homalodotherium cunninghami Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 213 | 213 | 44 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[49] † Anayatherium fortis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 54 | 54 | 204 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[50] † Ancylocoelus frequens Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 130 | 130 | 125 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[51] † Colpodon propinquus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 149 | 149 | 107 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[52] † Elmerriggsia fieldia Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 105 | 104 | 154 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[53] † Coquenia bondi Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 1 | 144 | 144 | 112 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[54] † Huilatherium pluriplicatum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 136 | 136 | 108 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[55] † Leontinia gaudryi Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 186 | 186 | 69 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[56] † Martinmiguelia fernandezi Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 77 | 77 | 181 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[57] † Scarittia canquelensis Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 177 | 177 | 80 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[58] † Taubatherium paulacoutoi Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 103 | 103 | 154 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[59] † Eurygenium pacegnum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 152 | 152 | 106 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[60] † Rhynchippus equinus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 216 | 216 | 42 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[61] † Argyrohippus fraterculus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 148 | 148 | 110 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[62] † Adinotherium ovinum Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 223 | 222 | 35 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[63] † Nesodon imbricatus Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 228 | 226 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[64] † Proadinotherium muensteri Last Modified in 02/25/20 | 0 | 141 | 141 | 117 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
[65] † Toxodon platensis Last Modified in 04/19/20 | 0 | 191 | 191 | 60 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Project views
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 9987 | |
Project overview | 707 | |
Matrix views | 551 | Matrix landing page (511 views); Notoungulata Endocranial Matrix (40 views); |
Media views | 1780 | Media search (1425 views); M148107 (355 views); |
Bibliography | 1851 | |
Views for media list | 447 | |
Specimen list | 763 | |
Taxon list | 3885 | |
Documents list | 3 |
Project downloads
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 54 | |
Project downloads | 31 | |
Matrix downloads | 22 | Notoungulata Endocranial Matrix (22 downloads); |
Media downloads | 1 | M148107 (1 download); |