Project 721: S. Turner, C. J. Burrow, H. Schultze, A. Blieck, W. Reif, C. B. Rexroad, P. Bultynck, G. S. Nowlan. 2010. False teeth: conodont-vertebrate phylogenetic relationships revisited. Geodiversitas. 32 (4):545-594.
Specimen: † Polygnathus linguiformis (IRScNB:b5177)

Abstract

An evidence-based reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of cono- donts shows that they are not “stem” gnathostomes, nor vertebrates, and not even craniates. A significant group of conodont workers have proposed or accepted a craniate designation for the conodont animal, an interpretation that is increasingly becoming established as accepted “fact”. Against this prevailing trend, our conclusion is based on a revised analysis of traditional morphological features of both discrete conodont elements and apparatuses, histological investigation and a revised cladistic analysis modifying that used in the keystone publication promoted as proof of the hypothesis that cono- donts are vertebrates. Our study suggests that conodonts possibly were not even chordates but demonstration of this is beyond the scope of this paper. To summarize, in conodonts there is low cephalization; presence of simple V-shaped trunk musculature and unique large-crystal albid material in the elements; lack of a dermal skeleton including characteristic vertebrate hard tissues of bone, dentine and enamel; lack of odontodes with bone of attach- ment and a unique pulp system; lack of segmentally-arranged paraxial ele- ments and dermal elements in median fins, all of which supports neither a vertebrate nor a craniate relationship for conodonts.


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Article DOI: 10.5252/g2010n4a1

Project DOI: 10.7934/P721, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P721
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 20 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 68 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 8.31M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 924
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 68
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 151
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:68/0
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MorphoBank Project 721

    Authors' Institutions

    • Monash University

    • Universite de Lille

    • University of Kansas

    • Universitaet Tuebingen (Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet)

    • Queensland Museum

    • Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences

    • Indiana Geological Survey

    • Geological Survey of Canada



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
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    (scored, NPA, "-")
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    medialabels
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    MorphoBank Curator
    Project Administrator
    20116800924
    (924, 0, 0)
    000
    Maureen Admin
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Pierre Bultynck
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Carole Burrow
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    Sue Turner
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M1650' (19 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
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    scored
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    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    [1] Tunicata
    Last Modified in 12/05/13
    5636300005
    [2] Cephalochordata
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    0686800005
    [3] † Myxinoidea
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    0716800005
    [4] Petromyzontida
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    0686800005
    [5] † Heterostraci
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    14555400005
    [6] † Astraspis
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    31373700005
    [7] † Eriptychius
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    48202000005
    [8] † Arandaspida
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    27414100005
    [9] † Anaspida
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    21474700005
    [10] † Jamoytius
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    37313100005
    [11] † Euphanerops
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    23454500005
    [12] † Osteostraci
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    2666600005
    [13] † Galeaspida
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    7616100005
    [14] † Loganellia scotica
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    30393800005
    [15] † Pituriaspida
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    52161600005
    [16] Jawed vertebrates
    Last Modified in 12/05/13
    1716700005
    [17] † Conodonta
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    33353500005
    [18] † Yunnanozoon
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    22474600005
    [19] † Myllokunmingia
    Last Modified in 05/20/16
    26434200005


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views26763
    Project overview2728
    Matrix views2146Matrix landing page (1851 views); Matrix (295 views);
    Media views5227Media search (4479 views); M109086 (748 views);
    Taxon list12374
    Specimen list2321
    Bibliography1963
    Documents list4




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project349
    Project downloads332
    Matrix downloads17Matrix (17 downloads);