Project 2877: J. A. Goodheart, S. Bleidissel, D. Schillo, D. L. Ayres, A. Preisfeld, E. E. Strong, A. G. Collins, M. P. Cummings, H. Waegele. 2018. Comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac in Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia). Frontiers in Zoology. 15:43.
Abstract
BackgroundA number of shelled and shell-less gastropods are known to use multiple defensive mechanisms, including internally generated or externally obtained biochemically active compounds and structures. Within Nudipleura, nudibranchs within Cladobranchia possess such a special defense: the ability to sequester cnidarian nematocysts – small capsules that can inject venom into the tissues of other organisms. This ability is distributed across roughly 600 species within Cladobranchia, and many questions still remain in regard to the comparative morphology and evolution of the cnidosac – the structure that houses sequestered nematocysts (called kleptocnides). In this paper, we describe cnidosac morphology across the main groups of Cladobranchia in which it occurs, and place variation in its structure in a phylogenetic context to better understand the evolution of nematocyst sequestration.Results
Overall, we find that the length, size and structure of the entrance to the cnidosac varies more than expected based on previous work, as does the structure of the exit, the musculature surrounding the cnidosac, and the position and orientation of the kleptocnides. The sequestration of nematocysts has originated at least twice within Cladobranchia based on the phylogeny presented here using 94 taxa and 409 genes.Conclusions
The cnidosac is not homologous to cnidosac-like structures found in Hancockiidae. Additionally, the presence of a sac at the distal end of the digestive gland may have originated prior to the sequestration of nematocysts. This study provides a more complete picture of variation in, and evolution of, morphological characters associated with nematocyst sequestration in Cladobranchia.
Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0289-2
Project DOI: 10.7934/P2877, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2877
This project contains |
---|
Download Project SDD File ![]() |
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2877
MorphoBank Project 2877
- Creation Date:
29 January 2018 - Publication Date:
26 November 2018 - Project views: 27283
- Media downloads: 2
Authors' Institutions
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- University of California Santa Barbara
- University of Maryland
- University of Wuppertal
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig
- Smithsonian Institution
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() |
Jessica Goodheart Project Administrator | 117 | 55 | 84 |
Sabrina Bleidißel Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Allen Collins Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Michael Cummings Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dorothee Schillo Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ellen Strong Observer ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Heike Wägele Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Project has no matrices defined.
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 27283 | |
Project overview | 949 | |
Media views | 12486 | Media search (1292 views); M475994 (112 views); M475952 (154 views); M475958 (131 views); M475951 (156 views); M475976 (143 views); M476014 (120 views); M475960 (185 views); M475980 (148 views); M475990 (116 views); M475978 (147 views); M475984 (129 views); M475985 (129 views); M476001 (122 views); M475943 (153 views); M475944 (157 views); M475945 (156 views); M475946 (150 views); M475947 (158 views); M475948 (147 views); M475949 (144 views); M475950 (145 views); M475953 (149 views); M475954 (159 views); M475955 (147 views); M475956 (148 views); M475957 (151 views); M475959 (147 views); M475961 (142 views); M475962 (141 views); M475963 (151 views); M475964 (143 views); M475965 (142 views); M475966 (156 views); M475967 (159 views); M475968 (144 views); M475969 (149 views); M475970 (134 views); M475971 (143 views); M475972 (147 views); M475973 (144 views); M475974 (152 views); M475975 (137 views); M475977 (145 views); M475979 (147 views); M475981 (145 views); M475982 (146 views); M475983 (143 views); M475986 (149 views); M475987 (129 views); M475988 (121 views); M475989 (122 views); M475991 (114 views); M475992 (109 views); M475993 (117 views); M475995 (113 views); M475996 (114 views); M475997 (109 views); M475998 (114 views); M475999 (114 views); M476000 (107 views); M476002 (113 views); M476003 (116 views); M476004 (134 views); M476005 (122 views); M476006 (115 views); M476007 (118 views); M476008 (114 views); M476009 (113 views); M476010 (113 views); M476011 (172 views); M476012 (114 views); M476013 (118 views); M476015 (119 views); M476016 (116 views); M476017 (117 views); M476018 (119 views); M476019 (125 views); M476020 (115 views); M476021 (105 views); M476022 (116 views); M476023 (116 views); M476024 (111 views); M476025 (114 views); M476026 (114 views); |
Documents list | 386 | |
Specimen list | 8981 | |
Taxon list | 3497 | |
Views for media list | 737 | |
Bibliography | 247 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 105 | |
Document downloads | 3 | Data Matrix of Cnidosac Details (1 download); Data Matrix of Presence/Absence of Distal Sac and Kleptocnides (2 downloads); |
Project downloads | 100 | |
Media downloads | 2 | M475994 (1 download); M476003 (1 download); |