Project 3385: X. Ni, Q. Ji, W. Wu, Q. Shao, Y. Ji, C. Zhang, L. Liang, J. Ge, Z. Guo, J. Li, Q. Li, R. Grün, C. Stringer. 2021. Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage. The Innovation. 2 (3):100130.
Abstract
It has recently become clear that several human lineages coexisted with Homo sapiens during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. Here, we report an archaic human fossil that throws new light on debates concerning the diversification of the Homo genus and the origin of H. sapiens. The fossil was recovered in Harbin city in northeastern China, with a minimum uranium-series age of 146 ka. This cranium is one of the best preserved Middle Pleistocene human fossils. Its massive size, with a large cranial capacity (~1,420 mL) falling in the range of modern humans, is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters. It differsfrom all the other named Homo species by presenting a combination of features, such as long and low cranial vault, a wide and low face, large and almost square orbits, gently curved but massively developed supraorbital torus, flat and low cheekbones with a shallow canine fossa, and a shallow palate with thick alveolar bone supporting very large molars. The excellent preservation of the Harbin cranium advances our understanding of several less-complete late Middle Pleistocene fossils from China, which have been interpreted as local evolutionary intermediates between the earlier species Homo erectus and later H. sapiens. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony criteria and Bayesian tip-dating suggest that the Harbin cranium and some other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China, such as those from Dali and Xiahe, form a third East Asian lineage, which is a part of the sister group of the H. sapiens lineage. Our analyses of such morphologically distinctive archaic human lineages from Asia, Europe, and Africa suggest that the diversification of the Homo genus may have had a much deeper timescale than previously presumed. Sympatric isolation of small populations combined with stochastic long-distance dispersals is the best fitting biogeographical model for interpreting the evolution of the Homo genus.
Read the article »
Article DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130
Project DOI: 10.7934/P3385, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P3385
This project contains | Matrices |
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Download Project SDD File ![]() | Total scored cells: 40580 Total media associated with cells: 12682 Total labels associated with cell media: 9617 |
Characters | |
Total characters: 1189 Total characters with associated media: 212 Total characters with media with labels: 34 Total character states: 1219 Total character states with associated media: 134 Total character states with media with labels:131 Total unordered/ordered characters:763/426 |
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MorphoBank Project 3385
MorphoBank Project 3385
- Creation Date:
11 February 2019 - Publication Date:
04 July 2021 - Project views: 78882
- Media downloads: 6
- Matrix downloads: 92
Authors' Institutions
- Natural History Museum, London
- Australian National University
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), CAS
- Hebei GEO University
- Nanjing Normal University
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Griffith University
- China Geo-Environmental Monitoring Institute
Members
member name | taxa ![]() |
specimens ![]() |
media ![]() | media notes | chars ![]() | character
| cell scorings (scored, NPA, "-") | cell
| rules ![]() | ||||||||||||||
Xijun Ni Project Administrator | 125 | 136 | 1360 | 29 | 749 | 0 | 253 | 495 | 215 | 22042 (10055, 0, 11987) | 0 | 579 | 12682 | 9617 | 0 | ||||||||
Chris Stringer Full membership ![]() | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0, 0, 0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M25860' (96 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] † Antecessor ate9-1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 522 | 32 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 34 | 2 ![]() |
[2] † Antecessor atd6-15-atd6-69-atd6-96 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 302 | 129 | 19 | 0 | 125 | 117 | 116 | 2 ![]() |
[3] † Antecessor dental Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 405 | 46 | 44 | 0 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[4] † Homo sp. narmada Last Modified in 01/09/20 | 372 | 88 | 3 | 0 | 95 | 116 | 120 | 2 ![]() |
[5] † Homo sp. eliye springs Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 352 | 106 | 3 | 0 | 98 | 143 | 133 | 2 ![]() |
[6] † Homo sp. ndutu Last Modified in 07/22/20 | 342 | 104 | 2 | 0 | 109 | 103 | 96 | 2 ![]() |
[7] † Sapiens irhoud 1 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 328 | 116 | 6 | 0 | 112 | 130 | 140 | 2 ![]() |
[8] † Sapiens irhoud 2 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 380 | 90 | 5 | 0 | 86 | 107 | 102 | 2 ![]() |
[9] † Sapiens irhoud dentation and mandible Last Modified in 01/11/20 | 345 | 80 | 70 | 0 | 130 | 11 | 9 | 2 ![]() |
[10] † Sapiens florisbad Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 450 | 65 | 2 | 0 | 40 | 65 | 62 | 2 ![]() |
[11] † Species omo ii Last Modified in 01/29/20 | 377 | 92 | 3 | 0 | 86 | 106 | 107 | 2 ![]() |
[12] † Sapiens lh 18 Last Modified in 01/29/20 | 306 | 119 | 3 | 0 | 130 | 165 | 135 | 2 ![]() |
[13] † Sapiens skhul v Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 49 | 212 | 4 | 0 | 294 | 283 | 231 | 2 ![]() |
[14] † Sapiens skhul ix Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 431 | 70 | 5 | 0 | 54 | 68 | 72 | 2 ![]() |
[15] † Sapiens qafzeh ix Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 28 | 226 | 7 | 0 | 301 | 252 | 240 | 2 ![]() |
[16] † Sapiens qafzeh 5_6_7_11_15_27 Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 552 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[17] † Sapiens mladec i Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 266 | 127 | 3 | 0 | 163 | 124 | 125 | 2 ![]() |
[18] † Sapiens mladec ii Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 413 | 75 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 90 | 83 | 2 ![]() |
[19] † Sapiens mladec v Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 383 | 92 | 6 | 0 | 80 | 96 | 94 | 2 ![]() |
[20] † Sapiens mladec vi Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 452 | 64 | 4 | 0 | 40 | 60 | 62 | 2 ![]() |
[21] † Sapiens cro-magnon i Last Modified in 01/20/20 | 194 | 179 | 5 | 0 | 183 | 209 | 188 | 2 ![]() |
[22] † Sapiens cro-magnon ii Last Modified in 01/20/20 | 328 | 106 | 6 | 0 | 122 | 109 | 99 | 2 ![]() |
[23] † Sapiens cro-magnon iii Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 453 | 51 | 4 | 0 | 51 | 47 | 51 | 2 ![]() |
[24] † Sapiens oase Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 113 | 199 | 6 | 0 | 243 | 226 | 198 | 2 ![]() |
[25] † Sapiens upper cave 101 Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 53 | 222 | 6 | 0 | 282 | 266 | 217 | 2 ![]() |
[26] † Sapiens upper cave 103 Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 265 | 124 | 4 | 0 | 166 | 157 | 119 | 2 ![]() |
[27] † Sapiens liujiang Last Modified in 01/25/20 | 201 | 143 | 4 | 0 | 211 | 165 | 141 | 2 ![]() |
[28] † Neanderthalensis sh4 Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 527 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[29] † Neanderthalensis sh5 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 96 | 201 | 4 | 0 | 258 | 351 | 202 | 2 ![]() |
[30] † Neanderthalensis tabun c1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 60 | 223 | 5 | 0 | 276 | 251 | 242 | 2 ![]() |
[31] † Homo sp. tabun c2 Last Modified in 07/30/20 | 376 | 80 | 1 | 0 | 100 | 106 | 70 | 2 ![]() |
[32] † Neanderthalensis spy i Last Modified in 08/04/20 | 375 | 86 | 3 | 0 | 94 | 166 | 84 | 2 ![]() |
[33] † Neanderthalensis spy ii Last Modified in 08/04/20 | 160 | 179 | 5 | 0 | 216 | 297 | 178 | 2 ![]() |
[34] † Neanderthalensis gibraltar1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 290 | 124 | 5 | 0 | 142 | 146 | 128 | 2 ![]() |
[35] † Neanderthalensis amud Last Modified in 01/27/20 | 52 | 210 | 4 | 0 | 295 | 307 | 199 | 2 ![]() |
[36] † Neanderthalensis la chapelle aux saint Last Modified in 01/27/20 | 220 | 170 | 4 | 0 | 166 | 314 | 166 | 2 ![]() |
[37] † Neanderthalensis la ferrassie 1 Last Modified in 01/27/20 | 273 | 122 | 4 | 0 | 160 | 246 | 116 | 2 ![]() |
[38] † Neanderthalensis shanidar 1 Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 72 | 208 | 6 | 0 | 275 | 296 | 201 | 2 ![]() |
[39] † Neanderthalensis shanidar 2 Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 552 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[40] † Neanderthalensis shanidar 5 Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 348 | 95 | 6 | 0 | 112 | 143 | 91 | 2 ![]() |
[41] † Neanderthalensis cesaire Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 156 | 159 | 3 | 0 | 240 | 231 | 147 | 2 ![]() |
[42] † Neanderthalensis saccopastore i Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 272 | 120 | 5 | 0 | 163 | 218 | 117 | 2 ![]() |
[43] † Neanderthalensis saccopastore ii Last Modified in 01/30/20 | 330 | 93 | 3 | 0 | 132 | 120 | 85 | 2 ![]() |
[44] † Neanderthalensis type Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 449 | 58 | 3 | 0 | 48 | 60 | 65 | 2 ![]() |
[45] † Homo sp. xiahe Last Modified in 08/26/20 | 434 | 65 | 11 | 0 | 56 | 73 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[46] † Homo altaiensis Last Modified in 08/26/20 | 541 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[47] † Homo sp. dali Last Modified in 03/30/19 | 287 | 127 | 12 | 0 | 143 | 144 | 149 | 2 ![]() |
[48] † Homo sp. hualongdong Last Modified in 07/22/20 | 264 | 160 | 156 | 0 | 135 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[49] † Homo longi Last Modified in 07/04/21 | 274 | 129 | 9 | 0 | 153 | 145 | 159 | 2 ![]() |
[50] † Homo sp. jinniushan Last Modified in 10/07/19 | 202 | 146 | 8 | 0 | 207 | 144 | 145 | 2 ![]() |
[51] † Homo sp. maba Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 461 | 43 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 42 | 44 | 2 ![]() |
[52] † Homo sp. xuchang Last Modified in 11/03/19 | 406 | 83 | 15 | 0 | 66 | 78 | 70 | 2 ![]() |
[53] † Heidelbergensis mauer 1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 368 | 84 | 0 | 0 | 103 | 101 | 102 | 2 ![]() |
[54] † Heidelbergensis arago xxi-xlvii Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 335 | 81 | 9 | 0 | 139 | 80 | 86 | 2 ![]() |
[55] † Heidelbergensis arago xiii Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 384 | 85 | 0 | 0 | 87 | 90 | 90 | 2 ![]() |
[56] † Heidelbergensis arago ii Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 426 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 70 | 60 | 60 | 2 ![]() |
[57] † Heidelbergensis broken hill Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 234 | 134 | 7 | 0 | 187 | 143 | 129 | 2 ![]() |
[58] † Heidelbergensis petralona 1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 237 | 132 | 8 | 0 | 186 | 138 | 117 | 2 ![]() |
[59] † Heidelbergensis ceprano Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 385 | 89 | 6 | 0 | 81 | 92 | 80 | 2 ![]() |
[60] † Heidelbergensis steinheim s11 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 264 | 129 | 9 | 0 | 162 | 128 | 115 | 2 ![]() |
[61] † Rhodesiensis saldanha Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 450 | 56 | 3 | 0 | 49 | 56 | 47 | 2 ![]() |
[62] † Heidelbergensis bodo Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 366 | 86 | 12 | 0 | 103 | 85 | 84 | 2 ![]() |
[63] † Rhodesiensis ternifine 1 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 411 | 65 | 0 | 0 | 79 | 109 | 63 | 2 ![]() |
[64] † Rhodesiensis ternifine 2 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 381 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 96 | 85 | 75 | 2 ![]() |
[65] † Rhodesiensis ternifine 3 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 376 | 82 | 0 | 0 | 97 | 118 | 85 | 2 ![]() |
[66] † Rhodesiensis ternifine 4 Last Modified in 01/12/20 | 529 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 2 ![]() |
[67] † Erectus peking x Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 401 | 82 | 6 | 0 | 73 | 83 | 79 | 2 ![]() |
[68] † Erectus peking xii Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 373 | 90 | 7 | 0 | 92 | 93 | 91 | 2 ![]() |
[69] † Erectus peking xiii Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 473 | 31 | 5 | 0 | 51 | 27 | 26 | 2 ![]() |
[70] † Erectus peking lii Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 503 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 36 | 17 | 16 | 2 ![]() |
[71] † Erectus peking rc-1996 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 50 | 211 | 10 | 0 | 296 | 212 | 219 | 2 ![]() |
[72] † Erectus peking dental Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 549 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[73] † Erectus nanjing1 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 403 | 72 | 8 | 0 | 80 | 72 | 70 | 2 ![]() |
[74] † Erectus hexian Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 290 | 128 | 33 | 0 | 139 | 101 | 91 | 2 ![]() |
[75] † Erectus sambungmacan 1 Last Modified in 05/04/20 | 398 | 91 | 5 | 0 | 67 | 102 | 85 | 2 ![]() |
[76] † Erectus sambungmacan 3 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 393 | 92 | 4 | 0 | 70 | 98 | 92 | 2 ![]() |
[77] † Erectus sangiran 2 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 439 | 47 | 3 | 0 | 69 | 50 | 44 | 2 ![]() |
[78] † Erectus sangiran17 Last Modified in 01/10/20 | 239 | 136 | 3 | 0 | 182 | 159 | 147 | 2 ![]() |
[79] † Erectus sangiran dental Last Modified in 07/25/20 | 542 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[80] † Erectus ngandong 7 Last Modified in 07/27/20 | 364 | 96 | 3 | 0 | 98 | 107 | 89 | 2 ![]() |
[81] † Erectus ngandong 9 Last Modified in 07/27/20 | 462 | 57 | 3 | 0 | 36 | 59 | 53 | 2 ![]() |
[82] † Erectus ngandong 12 Last Modified in 08/02/20 | 365 | 94 | 4 | 0 | 96 | 92 | 94 | 2 ![]() |
[83] † Erectus dmanisi 211-2282 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 171 | 170 | 6 | 0 | 214 | 288 | 151 | 2 ![]() |
[84] † Erectus dmanisi 2280 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 361 | 96 | 5 | 0 | 99 | 167 | 90 | 2 ![]() |
[85] † Erectus dmanisi 2700-2735 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 137 | 187 | 6 | 0 | 231 | 295 | 171 | 2 ![]() |
[86] † Erectus dmanisi 4500-2600 Last Modified in 01/23/20 | 109 | 196 | 5 | 0 | 250 | 315 | 192 | 2 ![]() |
[87] † Erectus sale Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 348 | 93 | 1 | 0 | 115 | 163 | 98 | 2 ![]() |
[88] † Homo sp. rabat Last Modified in 08/06/20 | 401 | 67 | 39 | 0 | 87 | 29 | 25 | 2 ![]() |
[89] † Homo sp. stw53 Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 259 | 129 | 4 | 0 | 167 | 197 | 121 | 2 ![]() |
[90] † Erectus oh 9 Last Modified in 01/27/20 | 363 | 90 | 4 | 0 | 102 | 172 | 87 | 2 ![]() |
[91] † Erectus turkana Last Modified in 01/27/20 | 67 | 211 | 4 | 0 | 279 | 364 | 208 | 2 ![]() |
[92] † Erectus er 3733 Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 253 | 133 | 4 | 0 | 169 | 250 | 128 | 2 ![]() |
[93] † Erectus er 3883 Last Modified in 01/26/20 | 352 | 102 | 4 | 0 | 101 | 193 | 98 | 2 ![]() |
[94] † Habilis oh24 Last Modified in 01/20/20 | 255 | 123 | 4 | 0 | 177 | 247 | 109 | 2 ![]() |
[95] † Habilis oh7 Last Modified in 01/19/20 | 442 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 74 | 48 | 39 | 2 ![]() |
[96] † Habilis er1805 Last Modified in 01/20/20 | 237 | 155 | 4 | 0 | 163 | 261 | 125 | 2 ![]() |
Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M27617' (55 Taxa)
taxon | unscored cells |
scored cells ![]() |
no cell support ![]() |
NPA cells |
"-" cells | cell images | labels on cell images |
member access |
[1] Habilis oh7 OH24 ER1805 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 105 | 203 | 194 | 0 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[2] † Antecessor atd6-15-atd6-69-atd6-96 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 280 | 157 | 154 | 0 | 200 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[3] Narmada Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 423 | 88 | 88 | 0 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[4] Eliye springs Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 406 | 106 | 105 | 0 | 123 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[5] Ndutu Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 393 | 104 | 104 | 0 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[6] Irhoud 1 2 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 138 | 219 | 199 | 0 | 297 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[7] Florisbad Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 520 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 49 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[8] Omo ii Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 431 | 92 | 92 | 0 | 111 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[9] LH 18 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 357 | 119 | 119 | 0 | 158 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[10] Skhul v IX Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 90 | 230 | 221 | 0 | 323 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[11] Qafzeh ix Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 61 | 226 | 226 | 0 | 347 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[12] Mladec i II V VI Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 304 | 157 | 129 | 0 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[13] Cro magnon I II III Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 205 | 199 | 181 | 0 | 248 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[14] Oase 1 2 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 143 | 199 | 199 | 0 | 292 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[15] ZKD uc 101 103 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 78 | 232 | 221 | 0 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[16] Liujiang Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 271 | 143 | 143 | 0 | 220 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[17] SH4 5 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 127 | 203 | 201 | 0 | 306 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[18] Tabun 1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 110 | 223 | 219 | 0 | 305 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[19] Tabun 2 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 438 | 80 | 79 | 0 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[20] Spy i II Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 201 | 195 | 186 | 0 | 247 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[21] Gibraltar 1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 326 | 124 | 123 | 0 | 185 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[22] Amud Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 96 | 210 | 208 | 0 | 330 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[23] La chapelle aux Saint Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 254 | 170 | 169 | 0 | 211 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[24] La ferrassie 1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 311 | 122 | 122 | 0 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[25] Shanidar 1 5 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 91 | 223 | 208 | 0 | 335 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[26] Cesaire Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 288 | 159 | 159 | 0 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[27] Saccopastore i II Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 273 | 139 | 134 | 0 | 227 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[28] † Neanderthalensis type Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 519 | 58 | 58 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[29] Xiahe Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 501 | 65 | 65 | 0 | 68 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[30] Dali Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 322 | 126 | 125 | 0 | 187 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[31] Hualongdong Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 336 | 160 | 156 | 0 | 142 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[32] Harbin Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 312 | 129 | 128 | 0 | 194 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[33] Jinniushan Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 249 | 146 | 146 | 0 | 239 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[34] Maba Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 528 | 43 | 43 | 0 | 63 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[35] Xuchang Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 473 | 83 | 83 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[36] Mauer 1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 431 | 84 | 84 | 0 | 119 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[37] Arago ii XIII XXI XLVII Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 193 | 176 | 165 | 0 | 276 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[38] Broken hill Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 271 | 134 | 134 | 0 | 229 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[39] Petralona 1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 280 | 132 | 132 | 0 | 222 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[40] Ceprano Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 439 | 89 | 89 | 0 | 106 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[41] Steinheim s11 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 321 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 184 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[42] Saldanha Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 519 | 56 | 56 | 0 | 59 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[43] Bodo Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 405 | 86 | 86 | 0 | 143 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[44] Ternifine 1 2 3 4 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 398 | 114 | 99 | 0 | 137 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[45] Peking x XII XIII LII RC Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 76 | 221 | 215 | 0 | 343 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[46] Nanjing1 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 458 | 72 | 72 | 0 | 104 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[47] Hexian Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 362 | 128 | 126 | 0 | 146 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[48] Sambungmacan 1 3 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 454 | 104 | 93 | 0 | 87 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[49] Sangiran 2 17 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 272 | 138 | 134 | 0 | 228 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[50] Ngandong7 9 12 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 411 | 116 | 95 | 0 | 128 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[51] Dmanisi Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 55 | 271 | 226 | 0 | 353 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[52] Rabat Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 510 | 67 | 67 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[53] STW53 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 304 | 129 | 129 | 0 | 201 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[54] OH 9 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 417 | 90 | 90 | 0 | 127 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
[55] Turkana er3733 3883 Last Modified in 08/09/21 | 73 | 234 | 217 | 0 | 344 | 0 | 0 | 2 ![]() |
Project views 
type | number of views | Individual items viewed (where applicable) |
Total project views | 78882 | |
Project overview | 3035 | |
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M658675 (162 views); M658687 (209 views); M658688 (177 views); M658689 (185 views); M658690 (190 views); M658694 (187 views); M658698 (187 views); M658702 (181 views); M658704 (180 views); M658705 (236 views); M658707 (215 views); M658714 (179 views); M658719 (226 views); M658711 (214 views); M658713 (193 views); M658710 (217 views); M658720 (177 views); M658722 (102 views); M658723 (99 views); M658724 (97 views); M658725 (96 views); M658726 (119 views); M658727 (113 views); M658728 (105 views); M658729 (104 views); M658730 (116 views); M658731 (108 views); M658733 (94 views); M658734 (97 views); M658735 (104 views); M658736 (107 views); M658737 (102 views); M658738 (107 views); M658835 (102 views); M662024 (107 views); M662025 (98 views); M662026 (100 views); M662027 (107 views); M662028 (115 views); M662029 (109 views); M662030 (113 views); M662031 (111 views); M662046 (119 views); M662053 (117 views); M662056 (125 views); M662057 (113 views); M662059 (122 views); M662062 (119 views); M662061 (118 views); M662063 (108 views); M662124 (126 views); M662125 (113 views); M662126 (121 views); M662127 (112 views); M662128 (118 views); M662129 (123 views); M662131 (119 views); M662132 (113 views); M662133 (115 views); M668701 (119 views); M668699 (114 views); M673341 (106 views); M673360 (103 views); M673361 (110 views); M675949 (108 views); M675950 (106 views); M675951 (116 views); M676567 (109 views); M676568 (124 views); M676569 (116 views); M676570 (117 views); M676571 (104 views); M676572 (115 views); M676573 (103 views); M676574 (105 views); M676575 (105 views); M676576 (106 views); M676577 (110 views); M676578 (108 views); M678114 (110 views); M678115 (108 views); M678116 (105 views); M678117 (113 views); M678118 (107 views); M678120 (103 views); M678122 (104 views); M678124 (101 views); M678127 (113 views); M678128 (108 views); M678129 (102 views); M678130 (102 views); M678132 (113 views); M678131 (117 views); M678133 (116 views); M678134 (126 views); M678135 (119 views); M678137 (115 views); M678157 (122 views); M678139 (112 views); M678141 (121 views); M678136 (113 views); M678149 (122 views); M678158 (118 views); M678151 (107 views); M678156 (228 views); M678152 (117 views); M678153 (173 views); M678155 (125 views); M678140 (124 views); M678138 (108 views); M678159 (128 views); M678154 (123 views); M678160 (118 views); M678161 (115 views); M678162 (121 views); M678163 (117 views); M678164 (109 views); M678167 (112 views); M678174 (118 views); M678168 (112 views); M678170 (111 views); M678175 (116 views); M678171 (118 views); M678172 (116 views); M678173 (118 views); M678176 (112 views); M658641 (228 views); M658640 (223 views); M658642 (225 views); M658643 (300 views); M658644 (201 views); M658653 (198 views); M658655 (226 views); M658654 (234 views); M658656 (204 views); M658658 (188 views); M658659 (217 views); M658668 (183 views); M658669 (217 views); M658673 (178 views); M658676 (188 views); M658691 (205 views); M658692 (177 views); M658693 (174 views); M658695 (259 views); M658696 (162 views); M658697 (161 views); M658699 (163 views); M658700 (193 views); M658701 (189 views); M658708 (167 views); M658716 (176 views); M658717 (171 views); M658718 (173 views); M658721 (182 views); M658732 (101 views); M662033 (103 views); M678119 (105 views); M678123 (103 views); M678143 (98 views); M678147 (105 views); M678165 (121 views); M678144 (103 views); M678145 (105 views); M678166 (100 views); M678169 (117 views); M658672 (157 views); M658677 (185 views); M658703 (169 views); M658709 (182 views); M658715 (188 views); M678121 (115 views); M678125 (104 views); M673342 (116 views); M666916 (132 views); M668700 (112 views); M658670 (195 views); M658671 (180 views); M658674 (181 views); M813088 (7 views); M683330 (1 view); M683152 (1 view); M681753 (1 view); M683246 (1 view); M681418 (1 view); M683537 (1 view); M678214 (2 views); M678194 (2 views); M683187 (1 view); M683753 (1 view); M678207 (1 view); M683202 (1 view); M683247 (2 views); M683159 (2 views); M683655 (1 view); |
Specimen list | 26549 | |
Views for media list | 1856 | |
Bibliography | 2462 | |
Taxon list | 5857 | |
Documents list | 560 |
Project downloads 
type | number of downloads | Individual items downloaded (where applicable) |
Total downloads from project | 227 | |
Project downloads | 112 | |
Matrix downloads | 92 | MorphoHomo V1.0 (63 downloads); MorphoHomo V1.1 (29 downloads); |
Media downloads | 6 | M676567 (1 download); M683330 (1 download); M676569 (1 download); M813088 (2 downloads); M678119 (1 download); |
Document downloads | 17 | Explanation of matrix files in this project (9 downloads); MorphoHomo V1.2 (7 downloads); Supplementary Materials for The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals (1 download); |