Project 2209: H. Zhang, S. Xiao, Y. Liu, X. Yuan, B. Wan, A. D. Muscente, T. Shao, H. Gong, G. Cao. 2015. Armored kinorhynch-like scalidophoran animals from the early Cambrian. Scientific Reports. 5 (1):null.
Specimen: † Eokinorhynchus rarus Zhang, Xiao, Liu, Yuan, Wan, Muscente, Shao, Gong, Cao, 2015 (:NIGP160400)

Abstract

Morphology-based phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the Scalidophora (Kinorhyncha, Loricifera, Priapulida) and Nematoida (Nematoda, Nematomorpha), together constituting the monophyletic Cycloneuralia that is the sister group of the Panarthropoda. Kinorhynchs are unique among living cycloneuralians in having a segmented body with repeated cuticular plates, longitudinal muscles, dorsoventral muscles, and ganglia. Molecular clock estimates suggest that kinorhynchs may have diverged in the Ediacaran Period. Remarkably, no kinorhynch fossils have been discovered, in sharp contrast to priapulids and loriciferans that are represented by numerous Cambrian fossils. Here we describe several early Cambrian (~535 million years old) kinorhynch-like fossils, including the new species Eokinorhynchus rarus and two unnamed but related forms. E. rarus has characteristic scalidophoran features, including an introvert with pentaradially arranged hollow scalids. Its trunk bears at least 20 annuli each consisting of numerous small rectangular plates, and is armored with five pairs of large and bilaterally placed sclerites. Its trunk annuli are reminiscent of the epidermis segments of kinorhynchs. A phylogenetic analysis resolves E. rarus as a stem-group kinorhynch. Thus, the fossil record confirms that all three scalidophoran phyla diverged no later than the Cambrian Period.


Read the article »

Article DOI: 10.1038/srep16521

Project DOI: 10.7934/P2209, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P2209
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 17 Documents
  • 1 Taxon
  • 1 Specimen
Total size of project's media files: 1.87M

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 0
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 0
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 0
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:0/0
Currently Viewing:
MorphoBank Project 2209

    Authors' Institutions

    • Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University)

    • Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

    • Chang’an University



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    Huaqiao Zhang
    Project Administrator
    1110000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000
    MorphoBank Curator
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M23676' (1 Taxon)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
    support
    NPA
    cells
    "-" cellscell images labels on
    cell images
    member
    access
    [1] † Eokinorhynchus rarus
    Last Modified in 07/10/15
    00000002


    Project views

    type number of views Individual items viewed (where applicable)
    Total project views16491
    Project overview2794
    Documents list1567
    Specimen list2388
    Media views5030Media search (4344 views); M406203 (686 views);
    Taxon list2020
    Bibliography1023
    Matrix views1669Matrix landing page (1565 views); Data Matrix (104 views);




    Project downloads

    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project317
    Document downloads14Zhang_MovieS1 (2 downloads); Zhang_Fig. 2 (2 downloads); Zhang_Supplementary_Fig. 3 (1 download); Zhang_Supplementary_Fig. 2 (1 download); Zhang_Fig. 5 (1 download); Zhang_Fig. 4 (1 download); Zhang_Fig. 1 (1 download); Zhang et al. - TNT File (1 download); Zhang et al. - Data Matrix (2 downloads); Zhang et al. - Character List (2 downloads);
    Media downloads2M406203 (2 downloads);
    Project downloads293
    Matrix downloads8Data Matrix (8 downloads);