Project 4306: F. J. Degrange, D. T. Ksepka, C. P. Tambussi. 2018. Redescription of the oldest crown clade penguin: cranial osteology, jaw myology, neuroanatomy, and phylogenetic affinities of Madrynornis mirandus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 38 (2):e1445636.
Specimen: Gavia immer (unvouchered)
View: lateral

Abstract

Madrynornis mirandus, one of the few fossil penguins known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton, represents a key taxon for understanding the stem-crown transition in penguins. Despite the wealth of morphological character data preserved in the holotype specimen, the phylogenetic placement of this early late Miocene taxon has remained controversial. Reexamination of the Madrynornis mirandus holotype provides support for placement within the penguin crown clade. However, this placement is highly sensitive to the molecular signal and Madrynornis falls just outside the crown clade when molecular data are excluded. The neuroanatomy of Madrynornis shares many derived features with extant penguins, including an airencephalic brain shape, highly reduced bulbus olfactorius, and absence of an interaural pathway. However, the brain endocast differs from all surveyed extant species in that the eminentia sagittalis (wulst) is less caudally expanded, the tectum opticus is relatively less developed, and the flocculus is stouter and more laterally disposed. The cranial osteology and reconstructed jaw myology of Madrynornis suggest a primarily piscivorous diet, which likely characterizes the clade uniting Madrynornis, Inguza, Eudyptula, and Spheniscus.


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Article DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2018.1445636

Project DOI: 10.7934/P4306, http://dx.doi.org/10.7934/P4306
This project containsMatrices
  • 1 Media
  • 1 Matrix
  • 2 Documents
  • 73 Taxa
  • 1 Specimen
  • 244 Characters
Total size of project's media files: 384.68k

Download Project SDD File
Total scored cells: 10446
Total media associated with cells: 0
Total labels associated with cell media: 0
Characters
Total characters: 244
Total characters with associated media: 0
Total characters with media with labels: 0
Total character states: 607
Total character states with associated media: 0
Total character states with media with labels:0
Total unordered/ordered characters:205/39
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MorphoBank Project 4306

    This research
    supported by

    Authors' Institutions

    • Bruce Museum of Arts and Science, Greenwich

    • Universidad Nacional de Cordoba (UNC)

    • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)



    Members

    member name taxa specimens media chars character
    media
    labels
    cell scorings
    (scored, NPA, "-")
    cell
    medialabels
    rules
    Katherine Walton
    Project Administrator
    73112440010446
    (8640, 0, 1806)
    000
    Brooke Long-Fox
    Full membership
    0000000
    (0, 0, 0)
    000


    Taxonomic Overview for Matrix 'M28979' (73 Taxa)

    taxon unscored
    cells
    scored
    cells
    no cell
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    "-" cellscell images labels on
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    [1] Gavia immer
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    22176176046002
    [2] Gavia stellata
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    12187186046002
    [3] Daption capense
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    17182182045002
    [4] Diomedea exulans
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    31168168045002
    [5] Macronectes giganteus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    16185181047002
    [6] Oceanites oceanicus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    17181181046002
    [7] Oceanodroma leucorhoa
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    18180180046002
    [8] Pachyptila desolata
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    17183182045002
    [9] Pelecanoides urinatrix
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    17181180047002
    [10] Phoebastria immutabilis
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    26173173045002
    [11] Phoebetria palpebrata
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    17181181046002
    [12] Procellaria cinerea
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    8614914909002
    [13] Pterodroma brevirostris
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    8215315309002
    [14] Puffinus gravis
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    25175174045002
    [15] Thalassarche melanophrys
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    25174173046002
    [16] Aptenodytes forsteri
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    123823706002
    [17] Aptenodytes patagonicus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    523423306002
    [18] Pygoscelis antarctica
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    723523205002
    [19] Pygoscelis papua
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    623923305002
    [20] Pygoscelis adeliae
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    123923805002
    [21] † Madrynornis mirandus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    11151150128002
    [22] Megadyptes antipodes
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    223723705002
    [23] Eudyptes chrysolophus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    124324201002
    [24] Eudyptes chrysocome
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    2621721602002
    [25] Eudyptes filholi
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    2721521502002
    [26] Eudyptes moseleyi
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    2022322202002
    [27] Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    324323902002
    [28] Eudyptes robustus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    2122422102002
    [29] Eudyptes schlegeli
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    623723602002
    [30] Eudyptes sclateri
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    2022522301002
    [31] Eudyptula minor
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    224123804002
    [32] † Inguza predemersus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    190535301002
    [33] † Nucleornis insolitus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    230121202002
    [34] Spheniscus demersus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    423723604002
    [35] Spheniscus magellanicus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    523523504002
    [36] Spheniscus humboldti
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    323823704002
    [37] Spheniscus mendiculus
    Last Modified in 09/15/22
    623323305002
    [38] † Spheniscus urbinai
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    159868500002
    [39] † Spheniscus megaramphus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2003333011002
    [40] † Spheniscus muizoni
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    7846460120002
    [41] † Marplesornis novaezealandiae
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1605858026002
    [42] † Palaeospheniscus biloculata
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    4846460150002
    [43] † Palaeospheniscus bergi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1785150016002
    [44] † Palaeospheniscus patagonicus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1546665025002
    [45] Eretiscus tonnii
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1913333020002
    [46] † Platydyptes novaezealandiae
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1992121024002
    [47] † Platydyptes marplesi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1814343020002
    [48] † Pachydyptes ponderosus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1663938040002
    [49] † Archaeospheniscus lowei
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1943434016002
    [50] † Paraptenodytes antarcticus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1567272016002
    [51] † Archaeospheniscus lopdelli
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2002626018002
    [52] † Perudyptes devriesi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1625049033002
    [53] † Icadyptes salasi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1457272027002
    [54] † Inkayacu paracasensis
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    143999902002
    [55] † Burnside "palaeeudyptes"
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1794141024002
    [56] † Kairuku waitaki
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1775454013002
    [57] † Kairuku grebneffi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    166737305002
    [58] † Palaeeudyptes klekowskii
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1674848029002
    [59] † Palaeeudyptes gunnari
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1724342030002
    [60] † Anthropornis sp. UCMP 321023
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    22199014002
    [61] † Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2012626017002
    [62] † Anthropornis grandis
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1992323022002
    [63] † Notodyptes wimani
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    21287025002
    [64] † Delphinornis gracilis
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2061312026002
    [65] † Delphinornis arctowskii
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2061212026002
    [66] † Delphinornis larseni
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2051312027002
    [67] † Mesetaornis polaris
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2051111028002
    [68] † Marambiornis exilis
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2051212027002
    [69] † Waimanu tuatahi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1606969015002
    [70] † Waimanu manneringi
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1932525026002
    [71] † Duntroonornis parvus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    22466014002
    [72] † Pygoscelis grandis
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    1642828052002
    [73] † Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
    Last Modified in 01/24/23
    2231010011002


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    Total project views3260
    Project overview237
    Taxon list1432
    Media views620Media search (521 views); M846855 (99 views);
    Matrix views203Matrix landing page (186 views); Degrange et al. SI Madrynornis Matrix (17 views);
    Bibliography118
    Views for media list197
    Documents list139
    Specimen list314




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    type number of downloads Individual items downloaded (where applicable)
    Total downloads from project2
    Project downloads1
    Matrix downloads1Degrange et al. SI Madrynornis Matrix (1 download);